ALS syndrome in patients with HIV-1 infection

Verma, Ashok; Berger, Joseph R.

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2005.09.005

Cited by 98 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…27 Elevated HIV RNA in CSF may predict subsequent progression to neuropsychological impairment. 28 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-like syndrome can occur in association with HIV infection 29 , as well as sensory neuropathies 30 , and neuromuscular syndromes as distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP), myopathy and HIVassociated neuromuscular weakness syndrome. 31 HAD follows a course of decreasing functional ability at a variable rate, resulting finally in a mute and paralyzed patient with severe, global dementia, often accompanied by vacuolar myelopathy and sensory neuropathies.…”

Section: 7mentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV infection and psychiatric illness

Owe‐Larsson

Säll²,

Salamon³

et al. 2009

Afr. J. Psych

139

125

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Introduction HIV is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) retrovirus that is the causative agent for AIDS. HIV belongs to the Lentivirus genus in the family Retroviridae, characterized by a replication cycle in which the viral RNA is reverse transcribed into a DNA proviral form that is integrated into the host cell genome. The retrovirus is composed of two copies of single-stranded RNA that codes for the virus's 9 genes. The RNA is non-covalently linked to the core proteins, which in turn is surrounded by a viral envelope, which enables the virus to enter cells by binding to a specific cellular receptor located on the surface of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cells. 1 A few years after the discovery of HIV-1, a second virus, HIV-2, was found in West Africa. HIV-1 and HIV-2 differ regarding their content of the genome, resulting in lower AIDS rates in HIV-2 infected individuals. 2 Once exposed to the body, the HIV virus antibodies may be detected after an acute flu-like illness, and then proceeds to infect specific cells of the immune system during an asymptomatic period that may last for years. In order to enter a cell, HIV must bind to CD4, typically found on T lymphocytes, blood monocytes, macrophages and some dendrite cells, and subsequently to one or a combination of several possible chemokine co-receptors, usually CCR5 and CXCR4. 3,4 The late HIV infection and psychiatric illness B Owe-Larsson, L Säll, E Salamon, C Allgulander Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden Abstract Objective: To review the clinical features and current knowledge on the treatment of psychiatric symptoms and disorders in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Method: We searched the PubMed database combining HIV/AIDS with different keywords for psychiatric diagnoses and symptoms (e.g. depression, mania, anxiety, psychosis, dementia, substance abuse) and for psychopharmacological treatment. The years covered by these searches included 1980 to 2008. Results: Patients with HIV infection are at an increased risk of psychiatric illness. Major depressive disorder and subsyndromal depressive symptoms, as well as anxiety disorder and substance abuse are more prevalent among HIV infected individuals than among the general population. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are common among HIV patients, and HIV-associated dementia (HAD) is a serious condition during the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) stage of HIV disease. Secondary mania and psychosis might be the first clinical symptom of HIV dementia. The introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in significant decreases in morbidity and mortality for HIV infected patients. HAART has also decreased the incidence of HAD, but does not give complete protection from this condition. The utility of psychotropic medications in HIV patients has not been studied sufficiently as a basis for guidelines, and more controlled trials are n...

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Section: 7mentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV infection and psychiatric illness

Owe‐Larsson

Säll²,

Salamon³

et al. 2009

Afr. J. Psych

139

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Infectious agents, such as HIV, can also trigger ERVK expression (Bhardwaj et al, 2014;Bhat et al, 2014;Vincendeau et al, 2015). Transmissible human retroviruses have been associated with an increased incidence of ALS-like syndromes (Matsuzaki et al, 2000;Verma and Berger, 2006), with anti-retroviral therapy reversing neurological symptoms (MacGowan et al, 2001;Moulignier et al, 2001). A biological link between HIV neuroinvasion and ALS is the re-activation of neuron-expressed ERVK (Bhat et al, 2014;Douville et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TDP-43 regulates endogenous retrovirus-K viral protein accumulation

Manghera

Ferguson-Parry

Douville

2016

Neurobiology of Disease

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“…A direct link between ALS and the lymphohematopoietic system comes from the clinical observation that ALS patients had marked lymphopenia with reductions in CD2 + and CD8 + T cells in comparison to agematched normal controls (Provinciali et al, 1988). The "ALS"-like disorder seen in patients with HIV infection further suggests that reduced immunity with viral infection might be a key element in the pathogenesis of ALS (Verma and Berger, 2006;Sinha et al, 2004). Most recently, a significant decrease of white blood cells was observed in the SOD1 G93A transgenic mouse model of ALS, further supporting the role of immunodeficiency in ALS (Kuzmenok et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mice deficient in the ALS2 gene exhibit lymphopenia and abnormal hematopietic function

Erie

Shim

Smith

et al. 2007

Journal of Neuroimmunology

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One form of juvenile onset autosomal recessive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS2) has been linked to the dysfunction of the ALS2 gene. The ALS2 gene is expressed in lymphoblasts, however, whether ALS2-deficiency affects periphery blood is unclear. Here we report that ALS2 knockout (ALS2 −/− ) mice developed peripheral lymphopenia but had higher proportions of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in which the stem cell factor-induced cell proliferation was up-regulated. Our findings reveal a novel function of the ALS2 gene in the lymphopoiesis and hematopoiesis, suggesting that the immune system is involved in the pathogenesis of ALS2.

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ALS syndrome in patients with HIV-1 infection

Cited by 98 publications

References 20 publications

HIV infection and psychiatric illness

HIV infection and psychiatric illness

TDP-43 regulates endogenous retrovirus-K viral protein accumulation

Mice deficient in the ALS2 gene exhibit lymphopenia and abnormal hematopietic function

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