Alpha-Cyclodextrin Attenuates the Glycemic and Insulinemic Impact of White Bread in Healthy Male Volunteers

Abstract

The demonstration of a physiological benefit has recently become an indispensible element of the definition of dietary fibers. In the here-reported pilot study, the effect of alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) on the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic effect of starch was examined. Twelve fasted, healthy male volunteers received, on three subsequent days, a test breakfast consisting of (A) 100 g fresh white bread (providing 50 g starch) and 250 mL drinking water, (B) the same bread with a supplement of 10 g alpha-CD dissolved in the drinking water, and (C) 25 g alpha-CD dissolved in drinking water. Capillary and venous blood was sampled before the breakfast and in regular intervals for a three-hour period thereafter. Glucose was determined in capillary blood and insulin in the plasma of venous blood samples. Breakfast (A) led to a rapid rise in blood glucose and insulin. In breakfast (B), alpha-CD reduced the areas under the curve of blood glucose and insulin significantly by 59% and 57%, respectively, demonstrating that alpha-CD inhibits and thereby delays starch digestion. Treatment (C) was not associated with a rise of blood glucose. Hence, alpha-CD complies with the current definition of dietary fiber in every respect.

The effect of alpha-cyclodextrin on postprandial glucose excursions, a systematic meta analysis Alpha-cyclodextrin and Blood Glucose

“…(2016) [21], Bär, Diamantis, et al . (2020, CC BY 4.0) [5] Fletcher, et al . (2014, dissertation) [17], Lytle et al .…”

“…Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-CDs (αCDs, βCDs, γCDs) are rings of six, seven, and eight sugars, respectively, and, thus, can fit lipids of different size. αCDs bind preferentially saturated and trans fatty acids (FAs) [1-5], the larger βCDs can also fit steroids and sterols, while γCDs can carry even larger molecules. Their high specificity for “bad” FAs makes αCDs particularly interesting as dietary fibers.…”

Cyclodextrin in starchy foods

“…So, the metabolic fate of ingested a-CD is similar to that of other non-digestible but fermentable carbohydrates such as resistant starch or inulin. No rise in blood glucose was observed after consuming 25 g a-CD dissolved in water (Schmid et al, 2004;B€ ar et al, 2020). Thus, a-CD and similarly also b-CD comply the definition of dietary fibres (non-digestible by the endogenous enzymes).…”

“…Thus, a-CD and similarly also b-CD comply the definition of dietary fibres (non-digestible by the endogenous enzymes). The dietary fibres have the benefit of changing fat absorption resulting in improved serum lipid profile (reduced cholesterol and triglycerides) as observed for a-CD in rats and humans (Suzuki and Sato, 1985;Artiss et al 2005;B€ ar et al 2020).…”

“…The changes in structure result in altered digestibility, too. In a human study the effect of a-CD on the postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic effects of starch were investigated (Schmid et al, 2004;B€ ar et al, 2020). Twelve fasted, healthy male volunteers had, on three subsequent days, a test breakfast consisting of (A) 100 g fresh white bread (providing 50 g starch) and 250 mL drinking water, (B) the same bread with 10 g a-CD dissolved in the drinking water, and (C) 25 g a-CD dissolved in drinking water.…”