Alopecia Universalis in a Horse

Middleton, Deborah; Church, S

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.1994.tb00024.x

Cited by 14 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Two of the reported equine cases 7,8 have been categorized as alopecia universalis, which, in humans, is the most severe form of AA and implies complete loss of scalp and body hair. The use of this term may not be appropriate, as the alopecia in horses is not usually complete.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alopecia areata with lymphocytic mural folliculitis affecting the isthmus in a thoroughbred mare

Colombo

Keen

Brownstein

et al. 2004

Veterinary Dermatology

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A 13-year-old, thoroughbred mare was presented with an 8-year history of multifocal, generalized, noninflammatory alopecia and a 3-month history of alopecia, erythema and scaling of the white star on the forehead and muzzle. Histopathological examination of biopsy samples from multiple sites on the body (mane, neck, shoulder, flank and gluteal region) showed a subtle lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate affecting and surrounding the anagen hair bulbs, consistent with a diagnosis of alopecia areata. The biopsy sample from the star on the forehead showed atrophic hair follicles with perifollicular and mural mononuclear folliculitis affecting the isthmus. Immunohistochemical staining with a CD3 marker confirmed the T-lymphocytic origin of the inflammatory infiltrate in all the samples. The concurrent presence of lymphocytic infiltration at the bulbar and isthmic level of the hair follicles in the same horse is unusual. This finding may represent a variation of the histological appearance of alopecia areata.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alopecia areata with lymphocytic mural folliculitis affecting the isthmus in a thoroughbred mare

Colombo

Keen

Brownstein

et al. 2004

Veterinary Dermatology

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“…1 In horses, similar lesions are often noted on the face, neck, trunk, mane, tail, shoulder, and gluteal region with varying degrees of severity. 3,5,11,15,17 In humans, AA is quite common, affecting 1.7 to 3.8% of the general population, with no sex predilection. 18 Equine AA is less frequently recognized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,5,11,15 Clinically, AA is characterized by sudden or insidious, well-circumscribed, nonscarring, and visually noninflammatory alopecia. In humans, AA occurs commonly on the scalp in a pattern of a focal patch or multiple patches; however, other subgroups such as complete loss of scalp hair (alopecia totalis) and entire body hair (alopecia universalis) have been recognized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Exercise: Severe Bilaterally Symmetrical Alopecia in a Horse

2011

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A 9-year-old Tennessee Walking Horse gelding was presented for diagnosis of the cause of extensive alopecia. Complete hair loss was noted over the head, neck, shoulder, thigh, and proximal limbs, but the trunk, distal limbs, pelvic area, mane, and tail were unaffected. The alopecic areas were visually noninflammatory with no exudate or crust except on the shoulder and along the back, where multifocal patchy areas of alopecia with scales and crust were evident. The horse was slightly pruritic. Microscopically, the hair bulbs, inner and outer root sheaths of inferior segments, and perifollicular regions were infiltrated by small to moderate numbers of small lymphocytes. Similar inflammation was occasionally evident in isthmus follicular walls as well as some apocrine glands. No sebaceous glands were affected. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the small lymphocytes were CD3 þ T lymphocytes. The epidermis from the skin with scale and crusts along the horse's back exhibited mild to moderate hyperplasia, mild lymphocytic exocytosis, mild eosinophilic dermatitis, and diffuse parakeratosis with numerous budding yeasts, consistent with Malassezia spp. The final disease diagnosis was made as alopecia areata with Malassezia dermatitis. Alopecia areata could be a contributing underlying factor for Malassezia dermatitis. Keywords alopecia areata, Malassezia dermatitis, immunohistochemistry, horseA 9-year-old Tennessee Walking Horse gelding was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, with extensive alopecia. Bilaterally symmetrical complete hair loss was noted over the head, neck, shoulder, thigh, and proximal limbs, but the trunk, distal limbs, pelvic area, mane, and tail were unaffected (Fig. 1). The alopecic areas were clinically noninflammatory with no exudate or crust except on the shoulder and along the back, especially on the right side, which were multifocally covered with scales and crust. Both pigmented and nonpigmented skin was affected to a similar extent. At the periphery of areas of alopecia, hairs were loose and easily epilated. The horse was slightly pruritic. According to the owner, the alopecia had involved only the head and neck throughout the antecedent 1.5 years, slowly progressed, and then suddenly spread to affect more extensive areas of the body during the 1 to 2 weeks prior to admission. The referring veterinarian had submitted blood for determination of iodothyronine concentrations when alopecia had first been evident 14 months earlier, at which time the circulating thyroxine concentration was very low (T4: <0.05 ug/dL [reference range: 0.5-4.0 ug/dL]; T3: 41.1 ng/dL [reference range: 30-115 ng/dL]). At that time, the gelding's physical appearance was also characterized by marked thickening of the crest of the neck. The veterinarian had addressed suspected hypothyroidism by treating the gelding using an orally administered thyroxine supplement (Thyro-L) for several weeks. At the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the ...

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“…In rare cases, the alopecia progresses rapidly to affect the entire body [Olivry, pers. observations] [21]. In the horse, AA has been reported as a cause of 'mane and tail dystrophy' as horses may solely exhibit a decrease in hair density in these restricted areas [Olivry, pers.…”

Section: Aa In Dogs and Other Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Alopecia areata in Human and Nonhuman Mammalian Species

et al. 1998

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Alopecia areata (AA) is a nonscarring form of inflammatory hair loss in humans. AA-like hair loss has also been observed in other species. In recent years the Dundee experimental bald rat and the C3H/HeJ mouse have been put forward as models for human AA. AA in all species presents with a wide range of clinical features from focal, locally extensive, diffuse hair loss, to near universal alopecia. Histologically, all species have dystrophic anagen stage hair follicles associated with a peri- and intrafollicular inflammatory cell infiltrate. Autoantibodies directed against anagen stage hair follicle structures are a consistent finding. Observations on AA pathogenesis suggest nonhuman species can provide excellent models for the human disease. Ultimately, animal models will be used to determine the genetic basis of AA, potential endogenous and/or environmental trigger(s), mechanism(s) of disease initiation and progression, and allow rapid evaluation of new and improved disease treatments.

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Alopecia Universalis in a Horse

Abstract: Abstract— Alopecia universalis was diagnosed in a 3‐year‐old brown Percheron mare. Clinical and histo‐pathologic findings in this previously unreported condition in the horse are described.

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Alopecia areata with lymphocytic mural folliculitis affecting the isthmus in a thoroughbred mare

Alopecia areata with lymphocytic mural folliculitis affecting the isthmus in a thoroughbred mare

Diagnostic Exercise: Severe Bilaterally Symmetrical Alopecia in a Horse

Comparison of Alopecia areata in Human and Nonhuman Mammalian Species

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