Alopecia areata with lymphocytic mural folliculitis affecting the isthmus in a thoroughbred mare

Colombo, Silvia; Keen, John; Brownstein, David G.; Rhind, Susan; McGorum, Bruce; Hill, Peter

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2004.00392.x

Cited by 13 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(58 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…10 In the previously reported equine AA cases 3,5 and in the present case, CD3 þ T cells were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Further investigation to identify CD4 þ and CD8 þ subsets was not successful because of the lack of specific antibodies to the equine cluster of differentiation (CD) transmembrane proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…1 In horses, similar lesions are often noted on the face, neck, trunk, mane, tail, shoulder, and gluteal region with varying degrees of severity. 3,5,11,15,17 In humans, AA is quite common, affecting 1.7 to 3.8% of the general population, with no sex predilection. 18 Equine AA is less frequently recognized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,5,11,15 Clinically, AA is characterized by sudden or insidious, well-circumscribed, nonscarring, and visually noninflammatory alopecia. In humans, AA occurs commonly on the scalp in a pattern of a focal patch or multiple patches; however, other subgroups such as complete loss of scalp hair (alopecia totalis) and entire body hair (alopecia universalis) have been recognized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The published cases of diffuse AA reported no hair regrowth. 3,5 In humans, spontaneous recovery may occur in mild and acute cases within a year. There are several treatment options for human AA patients, including systemic, topical, or intralesional corticosteroids; minoxidil; and contact immunotherapy using diphenylcyclopropenone or dinitrochlorobenzene to shift the immune response from Th1 to Th2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Diagnostic Exercise: Severe Bilaterally Symmetrical Alopecia in a Horse

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 9-year-old Tennessee Walking Horse gelding was presented for diagnosis of the cause of extensive alopecia. Complete hair loss was noted over the head, neck, shoulder, thigh, and proximal limbs, but the trunk, distal limbs, pelvic area, mane, and tail were unaffected. The alopecic areas were visually noninflammatory with no exudate or crust except on the shoulder and along the back, where multifocal patchy areas of alopecia with scales and crust were evident. The horse was slightly pruritic. Microscopically, the hair bulbs, inner and outer root sheaths of inferior segments, and perifollicular regions were infiltrated by small to moderate numbers of small lymphocytes. Similar inflammation was occasionally evident in isthmus follicular walls as well as some apocrine glands. No sebaceous glands were affected. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the small lymphocytes were CD3 þ T lymphocytes. The epidermis from the skin with scale and crusts along the horse's back exhibited mild to moderate hyperplasia, mild lymphocytic exocytosis, mild eosinophilic dermatitis, and diffuse parakeratosis with numerous budding yeasts, consistent with Malassezia spp. The final disease diagnosis was made as alopecia areata with Malassezia dermatitis. Alopecia areata could be a contributing underlying factor for Malassezia dermatitis. Keywords alopecia areata, Malassezia dermatitis, immunohistochemistry, horseA 9-year-old Tennessee Walking Horse gelding was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, with extensive alopecia. Bilaterally symmetrical complete hair loss was noted over the head, neck, shoulder, thigh, and proximal limbs, but the trunk, distal limbs, pelvic area, mane, and tail were unaffected (Fig. 1). The alopecic areas were clinically noninflammatory with no exudate or crust except on the shoulder and along the back, especially on the right side, which were multifocally covered with scales and crust. Both pigmented and nonpigmented skin was affected to a similar extent. At the periphery of areas of alopecia, hairs were loose and easily epilated. The horse was slightly pruritic. According to the owner, the alopecia had involved only the head and neck throughout the antecedent 1.5 years, slowly progressed, and then suddenly spread to affect more extensive areas of the body during the 1 to 2 weeks prior to admission. The referring veterinarian had submitted blood for determination of iodothyronine concentrations when alopecia had first been evident 14 months earlier, at which time the circulating thyroxine concentration was very low (T4: <0.05 ug/dL [reference range: 0.5-4.0 ug/dL]; T3: 41.1 ng/dL [reference range: 30-115 ng/dL]). At that time, the gelding's physical appearance was also characterized by marked thickening of the crest of the neck. The veterinarian had addressed suspected hypothyroidism by treating the gelding using an orally administered thyroxine supplement (Thyro-L) for several weeks. At the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the ...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Diagnostic Exercise: Severe Bilaterally Symmetrical Alopecia in a Horse

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In horses, lymphocytic invasion of the inferior segment has been described 9 . Primary targeting of the follicular isthmus without involvement of the hair bulb has been described in one biopsy of a horse with AA, but this might have been associated with a different pathogenesis 10 . Since three of 11 control cows also had a mild infiltrative lymphocytic mural folliculitis of the isthmus and four of 11 control cows had a mild lymphocytic exocytosis into the infundibular wall on H&E‐stained samples, the significance of these observations in affected and control cows is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alopecia areata in Eringer cows

Timm

Rüfenacht

Tscharner

et al. 2010

Veterinary Dermatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alopecia areata is a hair loss disorder in humans, dogs and horses with a suspected autoimmune aetiology targeting anagen hair follicles. Alopecia areata is only sporadically reported in cows. Recently, we observed several cases of suspected alopecia areata in Eringer cows. The aim of this study was to confirm the presumptive diagnosis of alopecia areata and to define the clinical phenotype and histopathological patterns, including characterization of the infiltrating inflammatory cells. Twenty Eringer cows with alopecia and 11 Eringer cows without skin problems were included in this study. Affected cows had either generalized or multifocal alopecia or hypotrichosis. The tail, forehead and distal extremities were usually spared. Punch biopsies were obtained from the centre and margin of alopecic lesions and normal haired skin. Histological examination revealed several alterations in anagen hair bulbs. These included peri- and intrabulbar lymphocytic infiltration, peribulbar fibrosis, degenerate matrix cells with clumped melanosomes and pigmentary incontinence. Mild lymphocytic infiltrative mural folliculitis was seen in the inferior segment and isthmus of the hair follicles. Hair shafts were often unpigmented and dysplastic. The large majority of infiltrating lymphocytes were CD3(+) T cells, whereas only occasional CD20(+) lymphocytes were present in the peribulbar infiltrate. Our findings confirm the diagnosis of T-cell-mediated alopecia areata in these cows. Alopecia areata appears to occur with increased frequency in the Eringer breed, but distinct predisposing factors could not be identified.

show abstract