Coherent control of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond's triplet spin state has traditionally been accomplished with resonant ac magnetic fields under the constraint of the magnetic dipole selection rule, which forbids direct control of the |−1 ↔ |+1 spin transition. We show that high-frequency stress resonant with the spin state splitting can coherently control NV center spins within this subspace. Using a bulk-mode mechanical microresonator fabricated from single-crystal diamond, we apply intense ac stress to the diamond substrate and observe mechanically driven Rabi oscillations between the |−1 and |+1 states of an NV center spin ensemble. Additionally, we measure the inhomogeneous spin dephasing time (T * 2 ) of the spin ensemble using a mechanical Ramsey sequence and compare it to the dephasing times measured with a magnetic Ramsey sequence for each of the three spin qubit combinations available within the NV center ground state.These results demonstrate coherent spin driving with a mechanical resonator and could enable the creation of a phase-sensitive ∆-system within the NV center ground state. Here we use a mechanical microresonator to apply a large amplitude ac stress to a single crystal diamond. Building on recent spectroscopy experiments [8], we tune the frequency of this stress wave into resonance with the |(m s =) − 1 ↔ |+1 spin transition to mechanically drive Rabi oscillations of an NV center spin ensemble. Using this capability, we measure the inhomogeneous dephasing time for an ensemble of mechanically controlled NV center spin qubits to be T * 2 = 0.45±0.05 µs and compare this result to T * 2 for magnetically driven qubits constructed from the same NV center ensemble. We find that the mechanically driven {−1, +1} qubit coherence is similar to that of a magnetically driven {−1, +1} qubit, and these {−1, +1} qubits dephase twice as quickly as magnetically driven {0, −1} or {+1, 0} qubits.NV centers couple to mechanical stress (σ ⊥ and σ ) and magnetic fields (B ⊥ and B ) 2 through their ground-state spin Hamiltonian (shown schematically in Fig. 1a)where D 0 /2π = 2.87 GHz is the zero-field splitting, γ N V /2π = 2.8 MHz/G is the gyromagnetic ratio, ⊥ /2π = 0.015 MHz/MPa and /2π = 0.012 MHz/MPa are the perpendicular and axial stress coupling constants [10,14], P/2π = −4.945 MHz and A /2π = −2.166 MHz are the hyperfine parameters [15][16][17], and S x , S y , S z (I x , I y , I z ) are the x, y, and z components of the electronic (nuclear) spin-1 operator. The NV center symmetry axis defines the z-axis of our coordinate system as depicted in Fig. 1b In this work, we use two devices, both fabricated from type IIa, 100 "optical grade" diamonds purchased from Element Six. These samples are specified to contain fewer than 1 ppm nitrogen impurities, and each contained a native NV ensemble as received. The first sample, Sample A, has an NV center density of ∼ 110 NVs/µm 3 , while Sample B has a density of ∼ 120 NVs/µm 3 . To generate the large amplitude, high-frequency stress waves neede...