Allozyme variations and classification of Trapa (Trapaceae) in Japan

Takano, Atsuko; Kadono, Yasurō

doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2005.05.008

Cited by 47 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Especially fruit size and the number of spines have been used as the most basic characters (Takano & Kadono, 2005). The mature fruits and kernels showed significantly different morphology and size among three different Trapa species (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The outer pericarp is hard, making it quite difficult to peel off to obtain the internal white kernel (Tulyathan, Boondee, & Mahawanich, 2005). The kernel of Trapa species has high contents of starch, soluble sugar, protein and essential minerals (Chiang et al, 2007;Takano & Kadono, 2005). Due to the sweet, tender and delicious taste, raw and cooked kernels are usually eaten as one of the popular starchy desserts or snacks, and are also used as an ingredient in other foods in South China and southern Asian countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Starches from Trapa species contribute to the textural properties of many foods, such as thickening of soups and sauces locally. Because of easy implementation and management, Trapa species is a potential source of commercial starch in Asian countries (Chiang et al, 2007;Takano & Kadono, 2005). In addition, its starch may also be useful as a potential binder in the pharmaceutical industry (Singh, Singh, Nath, & Pani, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trapa L. (Trapaceae), water caltrop, is a genus of floatingleaved aquatic plants, and is often found in shallow water field, lake, pond, creek or swampy land in tropical and sub-tropical countries (Chiang, Li, Huang, & Wang, 2007;Takano & Kadono, 2005). The fruit (nut) is covered with a thick outer pericarp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of starches isolated from three different Trapa species

et al. 2014

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of starches isolated from three different Trapa species

et al. 2014

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“…The pollens of water chestnut of the genus Trapa (Lythraceae) contribute 13.36% of the total pollen volume in the bee diets. Smitinand (2001) (Kadano 1987;Cook 1996;Takano and Kadano 2005), and a thorough survey of this common aquatic plant in Thailand is needed, since the fruits of T. bicornis are one of the important food crops in Thailand. Identification of Trapa pollens to specific level can provide important information regarding which species X. nasalis visit and pollinate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nesting biology of an Oriental carpenter bee, Xylocopa (Biluna) nasalis Westwood, 1838, in Thailand (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Xylocopinae)

Hongjamrassilp¹,

Warrit²

2014

JHR

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The biological study of wild non-Apis bees can provide useful information that may help with the pollination of food crops and native plants in areas where the keeping of honey bee colonies is restricted or affected by CCD. Here, we describe the nesting biology of the Oriental large carpenter bee, Xylocopa (Biluna) nasalis Westwood, 1838. An aggregation of more than 80+ bamboo nests of X. nasalis was discovered in Suan Pheung district, Ratch Buri province, Thailand on the 25 th of May 2012. We collected 27 nests from the site to dissect, measure the external and internal nest architecture, and analyze the pollen composition of the pollen masses. X. nasalis constructs linear unbranched nests with nest entrance mostly located at the open-end of the bamboo culms. The nest length and the branch diameter of the nest entrance (excluding nesting edge) are 25.40 ± 6.95 cm and 17.94 ± 6.00 mm, and the maximum number of provisioned cells is 8. A biased sex ratio of 8♀: 1♂ is reported, with up to 7 adults inhabiting in a single nest. 29 pollen types were identified from 14 pollen masses using an acetolysis method and visualization under both light microscope and scanning electron microscope. 13 pollen types were considered as major pollen sources (contribute ≥ 1% in total pollen volume); however, only 10 can be identified to family and generic levels. The dominant pollen sources are of the families Elaeagnaceae (Elaeagnus cf. latifolia), Euphorbiaceae (Croton), Fabaceae (Senna siamea and Cassia), Fagaceae (Lithocarpus and Castanopsis), and Lythraceae (Trapa) which are mostly native to the region of Southeast Asia. The nesting architectural details should prove to be beneficial to beekeepers and researchers who are interested in trapping and studying X. nasalis, and the polylectic behavior of X. nasalis can be highly valuable for future crop pollination strategies, particularly for plants that require sonication of their poricidal anthers.

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Origin of domesticated water chestnuts (Trapa bispinosa Roxb.) and genetic variation in wild water chestnuts

Lam,

Kataoka,

Yamagishi

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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The water chestnut Trapa bispinosa Roxb. has been domesticated in China and has been reported as the only domesticated species of this genus. To understand the origin of T. bispinosa and its evolution pathway, we compared the genetic similarity and seed morphology of domesticated water chestnut T. bispinosa with three wild species T. natans, T. incisa, and T. japonica along with archeological seed samples from the Tianluoshan site (approximately 7000–6300 cal BP) in China. The largest seed size was observed only in the domesticated species, whereas other wild species showed smaller size including T. natans L. genetically close to the domesticated type, and T. incisa was the smallest in size. The volumes of the seed capsule and endosperm were measured using X ray CT scans, showing the ratios of total volumes between T. bispinosa and wild species ranged from 4.2 to 4.5. The ratios of endosperm volume ranged from 3.3 to 3.7. Both measurements showed domesticated species have larger seed volume. Genome size was indirectly estimated by flow cytometry. Domesticated species with larger seed size was estimated as diploid, as were the wild species except for tetraploid species T. japonica. Domesticated species clearly showed the largest edible organs, but it was not a result of ploidy level changes. Maternal lineages traced using complete whole chloroplast sequences, suggested that T. natans is the closest to T. bispinosa, both of which are close to T. japonica. The result was confirmed by PCR genotyping with chloroplast insertion/deletion (cpINDEL) markers developed in the study. T. incisa showed distinct plastid types within the species, and T. japonica showed a unique plastid genotype. Our study concludes the largest volumes for the edible endosperm have been accomplished through nearly 6000 years of artificial selection, but the domestication did not involve ploidy level changes.

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Allozyme variations and classification of Trapa (Trapaceae) in Japan

Cited by 47 publications

References 14 publications

Comparison of starches isolated from three different Trapa species

Comparison of starches isolated from three different Trapa species

Nesting biology of an Oriental carpenter bee, Xylocopa (Biluna) nasalis Westwood, 1838, in Thailand (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Xylocopinae)

Origin of domesticated water chestnuts (Trapa bispinosa Roxb.) and genetic variation in wild water chestnuts

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