Allorecognition

Rogers, Nicola J.; Lechler, Robert I.

doi:10.1034/j.1600-6143.2001.001002097.x

Cited by 70 publications

(91 citation statements)

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“…For their part, these cells activate effector cells, e.g. cytotoxic T cells and B cells, which are involved in allograft destruction [25]. Since normal human parathyroid tissue features a low level of MHC class I expression [26] on the parenchymal cells, the indirect pathway also seems possible in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity of parathyroid allografts in the rat: immunosuppressive dosages effective in passenger leukocyte-rich small bowel transplants are not effective in parathyroid gland transplants with few passenger leukocytes

Timm

Otto²,

Begrich³

et al. 2004

Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity of parathyroid allografts in the rat: immunosuppressive dosages effective in passenger leukocyte-rich small bowel transplants are not effective in parathyroid gland transplants with few passenger leukocytes

Timm

Otto²,

Begrich³

et al. 2004

Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery

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“…T and B cell-mediated immune responses are mainly accountable for organ rejections [94,95]. The role of secondary lymphoid organs such as spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches in immunological responses is found to be very important.…”

Section: Allograft Rejectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocarriers for spleen targeting: anatomo-physiological considerations, formulation strategies and therapeutic potential

Jindal

2016

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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There are several clinical advantages of spleen targeting of nanocarriers. For example, enhanced splenic concentration of active agents could provide therapeutic benefits in spleen resident infections and hematological disorders including malaria, hairy cell leukemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Furthermore, spleen delivery of immunosuppressant agents using splenotropic carriers may reduce the chances of allograft rejection in organ transplantation. Enhanced concentration of radiopharmaceuticals in the spleen may improve visualization of the organ, which could provide benefit in the diagnosis of splenic disorders. Unique anatomical features of the spleen including specialized microvasculature environment and slow blood circulation rate enable it an ideal drug delivery site. Because there is a difference in blood flow between spleen and liver, splenic delivery is inversely proportional to the hepatic uptake. It is therefore desirable engineering of nanocarriers, which, upon intravenous administration, can avoid uptake by hepatic Kupffer cells to enhance splenic localization. Stealth and non-spherical nanocarriers have shown enhanced splenic delivery of active agents by avoiding hepatic uptake. The present review details the research in the field of splenotropy. Formulation strategies to design splenotropic drug delivery systems are discussed. The review also highlights the clinical relevance of spleen targeting of nanocarriers and application in diagnostics.

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“…A prerequisite for functioning as an APC is the expression of MHC class II and of co-stimulatory molecules (Rogers and Lechler 2001). After transplantation, the APCs from the donor tissue migrate to the regional lymph nodes in which they encounter and stimulate T cells.…”

Section: Mechanisms Involved In Recognition and Rejection Of Transplamentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity of human embryonic stem cells

et al. 2007

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Human embryonic stem cells (HESC) are pluripotent stem cells isolated from the inner cell mass of human blastocysts. With the first successful culturing of HESC, a new era of regenerative medicine was born. HESC can differentiate into almost any cell type and, in the future, might replace solid organ transplantation and even be used to treat progressive degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Although this sounds promising, certain obstacles remain with regard to their clinical use, such as culturing HESC under well-defined conditions without exposure to animal proteins, the risk of teratoma development and finally the avoidance of immune rejection. In this review, we discuss the immunological properties of HESC and various strategic solutions to circumvent immune rejection, such as stem cell banking, somatic cell nuclear transfer and the induction of tolerance by co-stimulation blockade and mixed chimerism.

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Allorecognition

Cited by 70 publications

References 0 publications

Immunogenicity of parathyroid allografts in the rat: immunosuppressive dosages effective in passenger leukocyte-rich small bowel transplants are not effective in parathyroid gland transplants with few passenger leukocytes

Immunogenicity of parathyroid allografts in the rat: immunosuppressive dosages effective in passenger leukocyte-rich small bowel transplants are not effective in parathyroid gland transplants with few passenger leukocytes

Nanocarriers for spleen targeting: anatomo-physiological considerations, formulation strategies and therapeutic potential

Immunogenicity of human embryonic stem cells

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