Allopurinol and glutamine attenuate bacterial translocation in chronic portal hypertensive and common bile duct ligated growing rats.

Schimpl, G.; Pesendorfer, P; Steinwender, Gernot; Feierl, Gebhard; Ratschek, Manfred; Höllwarth, Michael E.

doi:10.1136/gut.39.1.48

Cited by 48 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Lipid peroxidation of gut mucosa can result in the disruption of the mucosal barrier function followed by endotoxemia and BT (29), and that there might be an association between BT and intestinal mucosal lipid peroxidation (30). In our study, the gut MDA level showed positive correlation to the bacterial colony count and negative correlation to the gut mucosal thickness.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Combined Administration of Glutamine and Growth Hormone Synergistically Reduces Bacterial Translocation in Sepsis

et al. 2003

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We investigated the combined effect of glutamine (GLN) and growth hormone (GH) on bacterial translocation (BT) in sepsis. After single intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg), 48 rats were divided randomly into four groups of 12 animals each: the control group received chow orally; the GLN group received chow plus 10% GLN; GH group received chow plus GH; and the GLN/GH group received chow, 10% GLN, and GH. Twenty-four and 96 hr later, rats were sacrificed. Portal blood culture, bacterial colony counts of cultured mesenteric lymph nodes, mucosal thickness, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels in the gut mucosa were measured. There was no significant change of the rate of portal blood culture between all treatment groups at 24 and 96 hr. At 24 hr, the rats receiving combined treatment of GLN and GH showed lower bacterial colony counts and mucosal MDA levels than the control rats, and higher mucosal GSH levels than the control and GLNtreated rats. At 96 hr, rats treated with both GLN and GH exhibited lower bacterial colony counts and mucosal MDA levels, and higher mucosal thickness and GSH levels than control, GLN, or GH-treated rats. This study suggests that the combination of GLN and GH may synergistically reduce BT over time in sepsis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Combined Administration of Glutamine and Growth Hormone Synergistically Reduces Bacterial Translocation in Sepsis

et al. 2003

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“…Cholic acid, lactulose and glutamine had been shown to decrease CBPL and to prevent BT [14,16]. On the other hand, Schimpl et al [17] and Erbil et al [15] showed that with the administration of glutamine and allopurinol, although increased CBPL did not change, the mucosal barrier was preserved and BT did not occur. Our study supports these studies, which showed that there is not always a correlation between increased CBPL and BT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although cecal bacterial population levels (CBPL) increased in all the CBDL groups, BT occurred in groups 2 and 3. Many authors reported that CBPL increased in obstructive jaundice, and that BT occurred [14][15][16][17]. Cholic acid, lactulose and glutamine had been shown to decrease CBPL and to prevent BT [14,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oral administration of glu-Gulcelik/Alagol tamine, lactulose, allopurinol and biliary salts had been previously used in obstructive jaundiced rats and it was reported that they had prevented the bacterial translocation [14][15][16][17]. Several studies also showed that oral administration of arginine alone or in combination with glutamine or ˆ-3 fatty acids stimulated immune function, and prevented bacterial translocation, but their use had not been investigated previously in obstructive jaundice [10,[18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Different Enteral Nutrients on Bacterial Translocation in Experimental Obstructive Jaundice

Kuru¹,

Dinç²,

Altınok

et al. 2004

Eur Surg Res

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Obstructive jaundice leads to bacterial translocation (BT) by disruption of the gut barrier, intestinal microecology, and impaired host immune defence. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of different enteral nutrients on BT that is induced by obstructive jaundice in rats. Eighty male Wistar-Albino rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups. Group 1: 20 rats underwent laparotomy, common bile duct (CBD) was not actually ligated and transected, but sham ligation of CBD was performed. Groups 2–4: 60 rats underwent laparotomy, CBD ligation and transection. Group 1 and 2 rats were given rat chow, group 3 rats were fed a glutamine and arginine supplemented enteral diet, and group 4 rats were fed an arginine, m-RNA and ω-3 supplemented enteral diet, an immunonutrient. Rats in groups 3 and 4 had significantly less BT to mesenteric lymph nodes compared to rats in group 2 (p = 0.001). These findings suggest that oral administration of an arginine and glutamine supplemented diet and immunonutrition reduce BT in rats with obstructive jaundice.

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“…The most important cause would be endotoxemia caused by the absence of bile salts in the intestinal tract in obstructive jaundice [32,33]. Biliary obstruction also promotes bacterial translocation from the gut because of the increase in intestinal mucosal permeability to bacteria [34,35]. Moreover, it has been reported that biliary infection such as liver abscesses and cholangitis is often noted microscopically in patients with high bile duct cancer [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperactive Cytokine Response after Partial Hepatectomy in Patients with Biliary Obstruction

et al. 1998

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The relation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in serum to the postoperative complications was assessed in 50 patients following an extensive hepatectomy. In addition, the postoperative levels of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β in peritoneal exudative fluid were determined in 22 patients. The patients with preoperative biliary obstruction showed a higher incidence of postoperative infection compared to those without (44 vs. 12%, p = 0.043). The postoperative serum IL-6 levels on day 1 were significantly higher in patients with postoperative infection than in those without (p < 0.01). Biliary obstruction and intraoperative blood loss contributed to the increase in the serum IL-6 levels in a multiple regression analysis (p = 0.01 and p = 0.044, respectively). Further, the fluid levels of inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in patients with biliary obstruction than in those without (p < 0.05). These results suggest that in patients with biliary obstructions a hyperactive cytokine response occurs after an extensive hepatectomy and results in a high incidence of postoperative infection.

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Allopurinol and glutamine attenuate bacterial translocation in chronic portal hypertensive and common bile duct ligated growing rats.

Cited by 48 publications

References 33 publications

Combined Administration of Glutamine and Growth Hormone Synergistically Reduces Bacterial Translocation in Sepsis

Combined Administration of Glutamine and Growth Hormone Synergistically Reduces Bacterial Translocation in Sepsis

Effect of Different Enteral Nutrients on Bacterial Translocation in Experimental Obstructive Jaundice

Hyperactive Cytokine Response after Partial Hepatectomy in Patients with Biliary Obstruction

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