Effect of Different Enteral Nutrients on Bacterial Translocation in Experimental Obstructive Jaundice

Kuru, Bekir; Dinç, Soykan; Altınok, Gülçin; Aksoz, T.; Camlibel, Mithat; Gülçelik, Mehmet Ali; Alagol, H.

doi:10.1159/000075074

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The results of our experiments on bacterial translocation in glutamine-treated animals agree with those of recent studies which showed that glutamine administration in BDL animals is associated with reduced live bacterial translocation [22][23][24][25] . Our study further demonstrates that glutamine treatment is associated with signifi cant reductions in the translocation of non-viable labelled bacterial products from the gut.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Glutamine Improves Intestinal Barrier Function in Experimental Biliary Obstruction

White¹,

Hoper²,

Parks³

et al. 2005

Eur Surg Res

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Objective: To determine the effects of enteral administration of glutamine on intestinal barrier function in experimental biliary obstruction. Background: Extrahepatic biliary obstruction is associated with the failure of intestinal barrier function, allowing bacteria and other substances from the intestine to enter the circulation and initiate a systemic inflammatory response, causing impairment of multiple organs. The amino acid glutamine has been shown to improve intestinal barrier function in other conditions, but its effects in biliary obstruction have not been fully examined. Methods: This study examined the effects of enteral administration of glutamine on intestinal permeability and on bacterial translocation from the intestine in a rodent model of biliary obstruction. Results: Glutamine was shown to reduce intestinal permeability measured as percentage excretion of ¹⁴C 7 days after biliary obstruction (0.35 ± 0.03 vs. 0.56 ± 0.085% in controls, p = 0.028), and glutamine administration was also associated with a decreased incidence of bacterial translocation to extra-intestinal sites (p = 0.03). Radiolabelled bacterial studies also demonstrated reduced translocation of bacterial fragments to extra-intestinal sites in glutamine-treated animals (p = 0.01). There was also some evidence of decreased exposure to endotoxin, reduced systemic inflammation and increased bacterial killing by the immune system in glutamine-treated animals. Conclusions: Glutamine modulates intestinal permeability and reduces bacterial translocation in an animal model of experimental biliary obstruction and may increase bacterial killing by the immune system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Glutamine Improves Intestinal Barrier Function in Experimental Biliary Obstruction

White¹,

Hoper²,

Parks³

et al. 2005

Eur Surg Res

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“…Clinically, it leads to an increase in liver function tests (11,17). UDCA and TUDCA lead to an improvement in liver function tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cholestasis emerging after biliary obstruction, the RES seems to be ruined and phagocytic function is depressed. Kupffer cell activation plays a basic role at the beginning of an efficacious immune response (5,8,11,17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supplementary glutamine has been demonstrated to be a considerable dietary constituent for maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity. It increases intestinal villus height and stimulates gut mucosal cellular proliferation (7,17,(34)(35)(36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eventually, gut barrier function failure and disappearance of antibacterial and detergent functions of bile acids due to failure of their enterohepatic circulation cause alterations that lead to bacterial translocation (BT) (6,(11)(12)(13)(14). BT is described as the passage of viable intestinal bacteria and their products from the gut barrier to normally sterile extra-intestinal tissues such as the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), liver, spleen, and bloodstream (6,7,(15)(16)(17). In biliary obstruction, the infection starts as a slight cholangitis and can turn into sepsis rapidly because BT is usually caused by Gram-negative bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined Effects of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid and Glutamine on Bacterial Translocation in Obstructive Jaundiced Rats:

et al. 2013

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Background: Bacterial Translocation is believed to be an important factor on mortality and morbidity in Obstructive Jaundiced.Aims: We investigated the probable or estimated positive effects of tauroursodeoxycholic acid, which has antibacterial and regulatory effects on intestinal flora, together with glutamine on BT in an experimental obstructive jaundiced rat model. Study Design: Animal experimentation.Methods: Forty adult, male, Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. Animals were randomised and divided into five groups of eight each: sham (Sh); control (common bile duct ligation, CBDL); and supplementation groups administered tauroursodeoxycholic acid (CBDL+T), glutamine (CBDL+G), or tauroursodeoxycholic acid plus glutamine (CBDL+TG). Blood and liver, spleen, MLN, and ileal samples were taken via laparotomy under sterile conditions for investigation of bacterial translocation and intestinal mucosal integrity and hepatic function tests on the tenth postoperative day.Results: There were statistically significant differences in BT rates in all samples except the spleen of the CBDL+TG group compared with the CBDL group (p=0.041, p=0.026, and p=0.041, respectively). Conclusion:It is essential to protect hepatic functions besides maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity in the active struggle against BT occurring in obstructive jaundice. The positive effect on intestinal mucosal integrity can be increased if glutamine is used with tauroursodeoxycholic acid, which also has hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory features.

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Effects of various enteral nutrition solutions on bacterial translocation and intestinal morphology during the postoperative period

et al. 2007

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Bacterial translocation is the passage of bacteria or endotoxins from the gastrointestinal tract to extraintestinal sites, such as mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and bloodstream. In this study, the investigators examined the effects of various enteral nutrients on bacterial translocation and intestinal morphology during the postoperative period. Sixty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, each of which included 12 animals; cecal mobilization was performed in all groups. Group I rats were fed rat chow and water; group II was given standard enteral nutrients; group III, high-energy enteral nutrients; group IV, enteral nutrients supplemented with fiber; and group V, immunonutrients. Bacterial translocation was detected in mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and blood cultures. Changes in the terminal ileum were scored from 0 to 4 with the morphologic scoring system. Bacterial translocation was predominantly detected in mesenteric lymph nodes. Rats fed immunonutrients (group V) showed a significant reduction in bacterial translocation compared with other groups. Although minor morphologic alterations in the villi were observed in groups IV and V, the histologic scores of these groups were not statistically different from the scores of control group members. In the present study, investigators evaluated the effects of various enteral nutritional solutions on bacterial translocation and intestinal morphology during the postoperative period. Enteral diets supplemented with arginine, nucleotides, and omega-3 fatty acids were found to reduce bacterial translocation. The investigators concluded that this effect might be related to improvement in immune function resulting from the use of immunonutrients.

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Effect of Different Enteral Nutrients on Bacterial Translocation in Experimental Obstructive Jaundice

Cited by 19 publications

References 42 publications

Glutamine Improves Intestinal Barrier Function in Experimental Biliary Obstruction

Glutamine Improves Intestinal Barrier Function in Experimental Biliary Obstruction

Combined Effects of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid and Glutamine on Bacterial Translocation in Obstructive Jaundiced Rats:

Effects of various enteral nutrition solutions on bacterial translocation and intestinal morphology during the postoperative period

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