Alloploid Nature of Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Monech.

Joshi, Alka; Hardas, M. W.

doi:10.1038/1781190a0

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Considering these trends, the BUSCO copy numbers in the okra genome likely point to an allopolyploid nature. Our results confirm the allopolyploid nature of okra as reported by Joshi and Hardas (1956).…”

Section: Busco Analysis and Topology Of Orthologssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In addition, chromosome counts demonstrated a huge variation, ranging from 2n=62 to 2n=144, with 2n=130 as the most frequently observed chromosome number (Benchasri, 2012; Merita et al ., 2012). These findings have led to further assumptions on the geographical origin of cultivated A. esculentus , speculating that a 2n=58 specie A. tuberculatus native from Northern India and a 2n=72 specie A. ficulneus from East Africa might have hybridized followed by a chromosome doubling, giving rise to an alloploid Abelmoschus hybrid with 2n=130 (Joshi and Hardas, 1956; Siemonsma, 1982; Benchasri, 2012; Merita et al ., 2012). However, genomic, genetic and cytological information is scanty, limiting the possibilities to further understand the hereditary constituent of the crop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome and transcriptome architecture of allopolyploid okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

Nieuwenhuis

Hesselinkk

Broeck

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We present the first annotated genome assembly of the allopolyploid okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). Analysis of telomeric repeats and gene rich regions suggested we obtained whole chromosome and chromosomal arm scaffolds. Besides long distal blocks we also detected short interstitial TTTAGGG telomeric repeats, possibly representing hallmarks of chromosomal speciation upon polyploidization of okra. Ribosomal RNA genes are organized in 5S clusters separated from the 18S-5.8S-28S units, clearly indicating an S-type rRNA gene arrangement. The assembly is consistent with cytogenetic and cytometry observations, identifying 65 chromosomes and 1.45Gb of expected genome size in a haploid sibling. Approximately 57% of the genome consists of repetitive sequence. BUSCO scores and A50 plot statistics indicated a nearly complete genome. Kmer distribution analysis suggests that approximately 75% has a diploid nature, and at least 15% of the genome is heterozygous. We did not observe aberrant meiotic configurations, suggesting there is no recombination among the sub-genomes. BUSCO configurations pointed to the presence of at least 3 sub-genomes. These observations are indicative for an allopolyploid nature of the okra genome. Structural annotation using gene models derived from mapped transcriptome data, generated over 130,000 putative genes. The discovered genes appeared to be located predominantly at the distal ends of scaffolds, gradually decreasing in abundance toward more centrally positioned scaffold domains. In contrast, LTR retrotransposons were more abundant in centrally located scaffold domains, while less frequently represented in the distal ends. This gene and LTR-retrotransposon distribution is consistent with the observed heterochromatin organization of pericentromeric heterochromatin and distal euchromatin. The derived amino acid queries of putative genes were subsequently used for phenol biosynthesis pathway annotation in okra. Comparison against manually curated reference KEGG pathways from related Malvaceae species revealed the genetic basis for putative enzyme coding genes that likely enable metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of dietary and therapeutic compounds in okra.

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Section: Busco Analysis and Topology Of Orthologssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome and transcriptome architecture of allopolyploid okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

Nieuwenhuis

Hesselinkk

Broeck

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)] is an important vegetable crop and is widely grown in the tropical and subtropical parts of the world (Tindall, 1983). Cultivated okra has significant variations in the chromosome's numbers but most frequently observed chromosome number is 2n = 130 (Joshi and Hardas, 1956). It belongs to the family Malvaceae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on genetic parameters in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]

2022

EJPB

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The present investigation was conducted at a vegetable research farm, BUAT, Banda during the summer and rainy seasons, 2019, to determine the extent of variability, heritability and genetic advance. Analysis of variance indicated a significant difference among the genotypes for different characters. During the summer season the characters, yield (q ha -1 ) and yield per plant exhibited higher PCV and GCV estimates than rest of the characters and during rainy season days to 50% germination exhibited higher PCV and GCV estimates suggesting that there is the possibility of improving these traits through selection. The difference between PCV and GCV values during the summer season was high for fruit length, days to 50% germination and node to the first flower appear. Whereas, for the rainy season difference was high for fruit length and the number of fruits per plant suggesting the role of environment in expression of these traits. In present study, heritability estimates were high for yield (q ha -1 ), yield per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to first harvesting, the number of leaves at 90 DAS and the number of fruits per plant during the summer season and for the rainy season heritability estimates were high for yield (q ha -1 ), plant height at 90 DAS, the number of leaves at 90 DAS, yield per plant and days to 50% germination indicating that the selection based on phenotypic performance of these characters would be more operative. High genetic advance as per cent of mean for the summer season was recorded for yield (q ha -1 ), yield per plant and the number of fruits per plant. Whereas, for rainy season it was recorded high for days to 50% germination and plant height at 90 DAS. On the basis of mean performance, the fruit yield (q ha -1 ) was recorded maximum in genotype Kashi Pragati followed by Arka Nikita, Hisar Unnat and Phule Vimukta during the summer season. Whereas, for the rainy season genotype Hisar Naveen having maximum yield (q ha -1 ) followed by Varsha Uphar, Pusa Sawani and Akola Bahar.

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“…However, phylogenetic information could be useful in okra improvement programs. Recently, a nrDNA and cpDNA based phylogenetic analysis by Ramya and Bhat () did not support the evolutionary background of A. esculentus proposed earlier (Joshi and Hardas ). In the present study, among the probable second parents of A. esculentus, A. moschatus was found to be highly distinct from A. esculentus in seed shape (though both have the deciduous type of trichomes).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Taxonomic importance of seed macro‐ and micro‐morphology in Abelmoschus (Malvaceae)

Patil

Malik

Sutar

et al. 2015

Nordic Journal of Botany

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Seed morphology of Abelmoschus is known to be variable, but patterns of variation have never been critically studied. We studied seed macro‐ and micro‐morphological characters, including seed shape/size, seed coat pattern and trichome density/structure in multiple samples to evaluate the taxonomic significance of seed characters. Among the studied characters, seed shape and trichome structure were found to have major taxonomic importance and proved to be valuable characters for separating taxa. Two main seed types were present: seeds with deciduous trichomes and seeds with persistent trichomes. These characters offer significant evidence to the distinctness of certain species (A. esculentus, A. moschatus subsp. moschatus, A. moschatus subsp. tuberosus, A. crinitus and A. angulosus). Further, our results indicate that A. moschatus subsp. tuberosus should be maintained as a separate subspecies while A. manihot subsp. tetraphyllus var. pungens may be merged in A. angulosus. No significant intraspecific variation was observed, except in A. esculentus. We conclude that seed coat sculpturing and seed trichomes do indeed provide stable and diagnostic characters for many morphologically closely related taxa of Abelmoschus and that LM/SEM techniques can be useful in solving systematic problems and management of Abelmoschus genetic resources.

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Alloploid Nature of Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Monech.

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Genome and transcriptome architecture of allopolyploid okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

Genome and transcriptome architecture of allopolyploid okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

Studies on genetic parameters in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]

Taxonomic importance of seed macro‐ and micro‐morphology in Abelmoschus (Malvaceae)

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