Alloplasmic male-sterile Brassica juncea with Enarthrocarpus lyratus cytoplasm and the introgression of gene(s) for fertility restoration from cytoplasm donor species

Abstract

A new cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) source in Brassica juncea (2n = 36; AABB) was developed by substituting its nucleus into the cytoplasm of Enarthrocarpus lyratus (2n = 20; E(l)E(l)). Male sterility was complete, stable and manifested in either petaloid- or rudimentary-anthers which were devoid of fertile pollen grains. Male sterile plants resembled the euplasmic B. juncea except for slight leaf yellowing and delayed maturity. Leaf yellowing was due mainly to higher level of carotenoids rather than a reduction in chlorophyll pigments. Female fertility in male-sterile plants varied; it was normal in lines having rudimentary anthers but poor in those with petaloid anthers. Each of the 62 evaluated germplasm lines of B. juncea was a functional maintainer of male sterility. The gene(s) for male-fertility restoration ( Rf) were introgressed from the cytoplasm donor species through homoeologous pairing between A and E(l) chromosomes in monosomic addition plants (2n = 18II+1E(l)). The percent pollen fertility of restored F(1) ( lyr CMS x putative restorer) plants ranged from 60 to 80%. This, however, was sufficient to ensure complete seed set upon by bag selfing. The CMS ( lyr) B. juncea compared favourably with the existing CMS systems for various productivity related characteristics. However, the reduced transmission frequency of the Rf gene(s) through pollen grains, which was evident from the sporadic occurrence of male-sterile plants in restored F(1) hybrids, remains a limitation.

Cytoplasmic-nuclear variation in a diversity-fixed foundation set ofBrassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.

“…There are hardly any reports regarding the role of cytoplasmic background on population structure. This is in spite of the demonstrated influence of background cytoplasm on genome fractionation and, consequently, genetic diversity and trait variation (Banga et al, 1984(Banga et al, , 2003. In this study, we generated polymorphisms with nuclear SSRs and cpSSRs through genotyping a set of sorted and true-breeding B. juncea germplasm accessions and breeding lines.…”

Genetic and histological characterization of a novel recessive genic male sterile line of Brassica napus derived from a cross with Capsella bursa-pastoris

“…A number of CMS lines with various cytoplasm from different species have been obtained, including Raphanus sativus/Ogura (Bannerot et al 1974), B. oxyrrhina (Prakash and Chopra 1990), Diplotaxis berthautii and D. erucoides (Malik et al 1999), D. siifolia (Rao et al 1994), D. catholica (Pathania et al 2003), Enarthrocarpus lyratus (Banga et al 2003), B. tournefortii (Pradhan et al 1991), etc. However, GMS lines originating from wide hybrids are rarely reported (Lin et al 2005).…”

Intergeneric hybridization between Erucastrum cardaminoides and two diploid crop Brassica species

“…Many primitive species have been used for synthesizing new intergeneric hybrids/ amphiploids (Sareen et al 1992;Bhaskar et al 2002, Banga et al 2003a following hybridization with crop Brassica species. A number of alloplasmic male sterility systems have also been bred by exploiting the cytoplasmic diversity available in these primitive species (Prakash 2001;Banga et al 2003b).…”