Allocation and morphological responses to resource manipulations are unlikely to mitigate shade intolerance in <i>Houstonia montana</i>, a rare southern Appalachian herb

Euliss, Amy C. EulissA.C.; Fisk, Melany C.; McCleneghan, S. Coleman; Neufeld, Howard S.

doi:10.1139/b07-104

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Besides others, mycorrhizal plants may also deal with the energy-shortage under low light by reducing assimilate supply to the AM fungi. The decreased extent of fungal colonization of roots under reduced light intensity, indicating activation of such a mechanisms, was observed not only in numerous pot experiments such as those quoted in Table 1 , but also in many others (Gamage et al, 2004 ; Euliss et al, 2007 ; Olsson et al, 2010 ; Shi et al, 2014 ), and in the fields (Heinemeyer et al, 2003 ; Füzy et al, 2014 ). Nevertheless, no detectable decrease of fractional AM fungal colonization of roots despite the light limitation of plant growth is also commonly reported from other pot experiments (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Plants and Fungi—passive Pipelines Or Active Players?mentioning

confidence: 77%

Lights Off for Arbuscular Mycorrhiza: On Its Symbiotic Functioning under Light Deprivation

Konvalinková

Jansa

2016

Front. Plant Sci.

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Plants are often exposed to shade over different time scales and this may substantially affect not only their own growth, but also development and functioning of the energetically dependent organisms. Among those, the root symbionts such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and rhizobia represent particularly important cases—on the one hand, they consume a significant share of plant carbon (C) budget and, on the other, they generate a number of important nutritional feedbacks on their plant hosts, often resulting in a net positive effect on their host growth and/or fitness. Here we discuss our previous results comparing mycorrhizal performance under different intensities and durations of shade (Konvalinková et al., 2015) in a broader context of previously published literature. Additionally, we review publicly available knowledge on the root colonization and mycorrhizal growth responses in AM plants under light deprivation. Experimental evidence shows that sudden and intensive decrease of light availability to a mycorrhizal plant triggers rapid deactivation of phosphorus transfer from the AM fungus to the plant already within a few days, implying active and rapid response of the AM fungus to the energetic status of its plant host. When AM plants are exposed to intensive shading on longer time scales (weeks to months), positive mycorrhizal growth responses (MGR) are often decreasing and may eventually become negative. This is most likely due to the high C cost of the symbiosis relative to the C availability, and failure of plants to fully compensate for the fungal C demand under low light. Root colonization by AM fungi often declines under low light intensities, although the active role of plants in regulating the extent of root colonization has not yet been unequivocally demonstrated. Quantitative information on the rates and dynamics of C transfer from the plant to the fungus is mostly missing, as is the knowledge on the involved molecular mechanisms. Therefore, these subjects deserve particular attention in the future.

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Section: Plants and Fungi—passive Pipelines Or Active Players?mentioning

confidence: 77%

Lights Off for Arbuscular Mycorrhiza: On Its Symbiotic Functioning under Light Deprivation

Konvalinková

Jansa

2016

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…When clonally propagated material from stock genetic lines is used, if some habitats are not suitable and plants are lost, the cultures can be used to produce new plants of those same genetic lines, thereby maintaining the genetic diversity of the species. Micropropagated plants of endangered species can also be used for research (Eulliss et al 2007) or for other activities that could compromise or deplete wild populations, such as natural product testing, display in public areas, or commerce.…”

Section: Species In Need Of In Vitro Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating costs for the in vitro propagation and preservation of endangered plants

Pence

2010

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

114

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In vitro methods provide opportunities for propagating and preserving endangered plant species when seed-based methods are not adequate. Such species include those that produce few or no seeds, as well as species with recalcitrant seeds. Tissue culture propagation methods can be used to produce such plants for reintroduction, research, education, display, and commerce. They can also be the basis for tissue banking as a way to preserve genetic diversity when seeds cannot be banked. With some recalcitrant species, embryo banking, a method which also utilizes in vitro culture for recovery germination, is possible. The number of endangered species that will require in vitro methods is estimated to be at least 5,000 worldwide. Further information is needed to identify these species, and the ongoing collection of information into databases on endangered species and recalcitrant species will help provide this. The costs of these methods are higher than for traditional propagation and preservation, but they may be necessary for species under higher threat. The multiplication rate of a culture, as well as the rates of rooting and acclimatization, has a major effect on the number of transfers needed for producing plants or tissue for banking, and improvements that will increase the efficiency of these steps can help lower costs. Further research into factors affecting the growth of tissues in vitro, as well as coordination of efforts among institutions with infrastructure for in vitro work, should facilitate the application of in vitro methods to the endangered species that cannot be propagated or preserved using seeds.

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“…For example, in the case of Houstonia montana Small, 100 clonal plants were produced through tissue culture to study the effects of light and nitrogen on growth. This avoided disturbance to the wild population and provided a genetically uniform set of plants for experimentation (Euliss et al 2007). …”

Section: In Vitro Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The possibilities and challenges of in vitro methods for plant conservation

Pence

2010

Kew Bull

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Seed-based methods are generally the most efficient for propagating and storing plant germplasm, but these methods are not always adequate, and some species can benefit from in vitro methods for conservation. For species that produce few or no seeds in the wild, plants may be propagated in vitro, and in vitro shoot tips can provide material for cryostorage when seeds are not available or are recalcitrant. In vitro propagated plants may also serve as subjects for research, without depleting the genetic resources of the species. Clonal plants can be used to test out suitable habitat and can be used for basic research on endangered species, without disturbing the wild population. Despite the effectiveness of widely used techniques, however, there are still species that resist initiation into culture or that may be difficult to root or acclimatise. Similarly, tissue cryopreservation methods may be restrained by cost, particularly in maintaining multiple genotypes of many species. Maintaining such genotypes in vitro is also costly and runs the risk of loss or change over time. Examples of the successful use of in vitro methods will illustrate the variety of applications of these techniques, but costs and specific challenges will also be discussed to help define areas where further research is needed to realise the potential of in vitro methods as a tool for conservation.

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Allocation and morphological responses to resource manipulations are unlikely to mitigate shade intolerance in Houstonia montana, a rare southern Appalachian herb

Cited by 6 publications

References 59 publications

Lights Off for Arbuscular Mycorrhiza: On Its Symbiotic Functioning under Light Deprivation

Lights Off for Arbuscular Mycorrhiza: On Its Symbiotic Functioning under Light Deprivation

Evaluating costs for the in vitro propagation and preservation of endangered plants

The possibilities and challenges of in vitro methods for plant conservation

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