Allo Bile Acids

Elliott, William H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0647-5_3

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…2 tanol, the 5a-saturated isomer of cholesterol, could be 7a-hydroxylated (27) and transformed by the hepatic enzymes that normally convert cholesterol to bile acids. Alternatively, it is conceivable that separate pathways were involved in the transformation of cholestanol to allo-bile acids (5). Cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase, which is the rate determining enzyme for bile acid synthesis, was not affected by cholesterol or cholestanol feeding (Table V).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative effects of cholestanol and cholesterol on hepatic sterol and bile acid metabolism in the rat.

Shefer¹,

Hauser²,

Salen³

et al. 1984

J. Clin. Invest.

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Abstract. Large amounts of cholestanol, the 5a-dihydro derivative of cholesterol are found in tissues of patients with the rare inherited sterol storage disease cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. Although small amounts of cholestanol are present in virtually every tissue of normal man, little is known about its metabolism and effect on cholesterol and bile acid formation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the absorption and metabolism of cholestanol and its early effects on hepatic morphology and on the rate-limiting enzymes of cholesterol and bile acid biosynthesis. After 2 wk on a diet supplemented with 2% cholestanol, total liver sterol content increased by 48% (3.26 vs. 2.20 mg/g), and resulted in a significant rise in hepatic cholestanol concentration to 1.4 mg/g. However, cholestanol was less efficiently absorbed from the intestine than cholesterol and interfered with cholesterol absorption. Furthermore, hepatic hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity rose 2.6-fold (from 150.3 to 397.0 pmol/mg per min) during cholestanol feeding, and was associated with a marked proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the centrilobular areas. In addition, significant amounts of allocholic acid (16%) and allochenodeoxycholic acid (5%) were formed from cholestanol and excreted in the bile. These results show that cholestanol is absorbed from the intestine, interferes with cholesterol absorption, and is deposited in the liver. However, in contrast to cholesterol, cholestanol feeding was associated with a marked elevation of HMG-CoA

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative effects of cholestanol and cholesterol on hepatic sterol and bile acid metabolism in the rat.

Shefer¹,

Hauser²,

Salen³

et al. 1984

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Elliott has summarized the chemical and biological properties of allo bile acids in his chapter in The Bile Acids , volume I ( 106 ). One way to distinguish 5 ␣ bile acids from 5 ␤ bile acids is to prepare their per-oxo derivatives, which are readily distinguished using optical rotatory dispersion ( 107 ).…”

Section: The A/b Ring Junctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key discoveries in bile acid chemistry and biology and their clinical applications: history of the last eight decades

Hofmann

Hagey

2014

Journal of Lipid Research

296

284

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conceptions are rare, and provocative judgments stand the test of time. Let us also hope that this effort will be both useful and entertaining. Each of the topics discussed merits at least a full length article, so there will be, of necessity in many instances, consideration of only what we perceive to be the highlights. THE EBB AND FLOW OF MEDICAL INTEREST IN BILE ACIDSAfter the elucidation of the true chemical structure of bile acids in 1932 (see below), there was little interest in bile acids in the Western world. One exception to this statement was the laboratory of Siegfried Thannhauser, who wrote the fi rst textbook of metabolic biochemistry in Germany. He studied cholesterol and bile acid balance in the biliary fi stula dog ( 1 ). During this time, bile acids were sold as liver tonics and laxatives, but there were no placebo-controlled studies showing effi cacy. Indeed, bile acids were considered by the medical profession to have no useful therapeutic properties. The tri-oxo derivative of cholic acid (called "dehydrocholic acid") was known to induce bile fl ow in animals ( 2 ), and was occasionally used to stimulate bile fl ow in patients; but again there were no controlled studies showing effi cacy in hepatobiliary disease.

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“…Allo -BAs were first described at the beginning of the previous century and little attention has since been paid to the physiological characteristics of these BAs in mammals (3). Because the cholestatic properties of other BAs that share with allo -BAs their flat structure have been described and the molecular bases of this effect have been studied (4), the first objective of the current study was to investigate the liver handling of allo -cholic acid (ACA) (see structure in the inset of Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Physiological characteristics of allo-cholic acid

Mendoza

Monte

Serrano

et al. 2003

Journal of Lipid Research

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The physiological characterstics of allo -cholic acid (ACA), a typically fetal bile acid that reappears during liver regeneration and carcinogenesis were investigated. [ 14 C] Tauro-ACA (TACA) uptake by Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing rat organic anion transporter polypeptide (Oatp)1 or sodium-taurocholate cotransporter polypeptide (Ntcp) was lower than that of [ 14 C]taurocholic acid (TCA). Although TACA inhibited ATP-dependent TCA transport across plasma membrane vesicles from Sf9 cells expressing rat or mouse bile salt export pump (Bsep), no ATP-dependent TACA transport was found. In rats, TACA was secreted into bile with no major biotransformation and it had lower clearance and longer half-life than TCA. In mice, TACA bile output was lower ( ؊ 50%) than that of TCA, whereas TACA induced 9-fold higher bile flow than TCA. Even though the intracellular levels were lower for TACA, translocation into the hepatocyte nucleus was higher for TACA than for TCA; however, rate of DNA synthesis, expression levels of ␣ -fetoprotein, albumin, Ntcp, and Bsep, cell viability, and apoptosis in rat hepatocytes were similarly affected by both isomers. In conclusion, TACA partly shares hepatocellular uptake system(s) for TCA. Furthermore, in contrast to other "flat" bile acids, TACA is efficiently secreted into bile via transport system(s) other than Bsep and is highly choleretic, hence its appearance during certain situations may prevent accumulation of cholestatic precursors.

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Allo Bile Acids

Cited by 9 publications

References 114 publications

Comparative effects of cholestanol and cholesterol on hepatic sterol and bile acid metabolism in the rat.

Comparative effects of cholestanol and cholesterol on hepatic sterol and bile acid metabolism in the rat.

Key discoveries in bile acid chemistry and biology and their clinical applications: history of the last eight decades

Physiological characteristics of allo-cholic acid

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