Allium subhirsutum L. as a Potential Source of Antioxidant and Anticancer Bioactive Molecules: HR-LCMS Phytochemical Profiling, In Vitro and In Vivo Pharmacological Study

Abstract

This study investigated Allium subhirsutum L. (AS) anticancer and antioxidant effects and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis in a murine model of skeletal metastases due to inoculation of Walker 256/B cells. Phytochemical composition of AS extract (ASE) was studied by High Resolution-Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (HR-LCMS). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC) were determined. In vitro, the antioxidant properties were evaluated by reducing power and antiradical activity against DPPH. Cancer cells’ proliferation, apoptosis, metastatic development and angiogenesis were evaluated using Walker 256/B and MatLyLu cells. The p-coumaric acid was the major phenolic acid (1700 µg/g extract). ASE showed high levels of TPC and TFC and proved potent antioxidant effects. ASE inhibited Walker 256/B and MatLyLu cells’ proliferation (Half-maximal inhibitory concentration: IC50 ≃ 150 µg/mL) and induced apoptosis. In silico and in vivo assays confirmed these findings. ASE effectively acts as a chemo-preventive compound, induces apoptosis and attenuates angiogenesis and osteolytic metastases due to Walker 256/B malignant cells.

The Role of Allium subhirsutum L. in the Attenuation of Dermal Wounds by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Wistar Albino Rats

“…Over the years, medicinal plants have been used to develop a variety of formulations that combat injuries such as wounds, burns and cuts [ 15 ]. Several ethno-medicinal plants have been used for medicinal applications thanks to their wide biological activities and medicinal applications due to counteracting oxidative stress potential, lesser costs and high safety margins [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Plant extracts are known to exhibit many pharmacological properties (anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-proliferative, and immunomodulatory, etc.)…”

“…Plant extracts are known to exhibit many pharmacological properties (anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-proliferative, and immunomodulatory, etc.) through the multitude amounts of natural polyphenolic antioxidants [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

“…Garlic species are used as dietary supplements and an important ingredient for cooking in many parts of the world and their application in medicinal remedy has also increased its popularity [ 11 , 17 , 20 ]. Garlic species are known to have diverse biological activities, particularly due to their antioxidant properties.…”

“…Previous studies reported that it is a potential source of anticancer and antioxidant molecules [ 16 ]. It is a very rich source of valuable compounds, such as polyphenols, vitamins, flavonoids, carotenoids and carbohydrates [ 17 ]. Experimental studies showed that garlic phenolic compounds and flavonoids may promote epithelialization and stimulate new tissue growth, fluid handling and moist wound healing [ 22 ].…”

Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Interact Differently with ACE2 Domains Reported to Bind with the Coronavirus Spike Protein: Mediation by ACE2 Polymorphism

“…Neither of the two drugs is a substrate of the p-glycoprotein. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms, such as CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 are commonly used in biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics [ 44 ]. In this study, the screened CYP enzyme isoforms data indicate that both CQ and HCQ were found to be inhibitors of only three isoenzymes, i.e., CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6 isoforms.…”