Allgemeine Naturgeschichte der Schildkröten : nebst einem systemischen Verzeichnisse der einzelnen Arten und zwey Kupfern / von Johann Gottlob Schneider.

Schneider, Johann Gottlob

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.5788

Cited by 45 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…(b) Extant aquatic turtles Three turtles, the common snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina (Linnaeus 1758; Chelydridae), the South American matamata Chelus fimbriatus (Schneider 1783; Chelidae) and the marine loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta (Linnaeus 1758; Cheloniidae), were chosen to represent a broad taxonomic sample of aquatic turtles. Chelydra serpentina and C. fimbriatus are freshwater turtles that prefer slow-moving water bodies, but C. serpentina occasionally enters brackish waters (Kinneary 1993).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shell bone histology indicates terrestrial palaeoecology of basal turtles

2007

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The palaeoecology of basal turtles from the Late Triassic was classically viewed as being semi-aquatic, similar to the lifestyle of modern snapping turtles. Lately, this view was questioned based on limb bone proportions, and a terrestrial palaeoecology was suggested for the turtle stem. Here, we present independent shell bone microstructural evidence for a terrestrial habitat of the oldest and basal most well-known turtles, i.e. the Upper Triassic Proterochersis robusta and Proganochelys quenstedti. Comparison of their shell bone histology with that of extant turtles preferring either aquatic habitats or terrestrial habitats clearly reveals congruence with terrestrial turtle taxa. Similarities in the shell bones of these turtles are a diploe structure with well-developed external and internal cortices, weak vascularization of the compact bone layers and a dense nature of the interior cancellous bone with overall short trabeculae. On the other hand, 'aquatic' turtles tend to reduce cortical bone layers, while increasing overall vascularization of the bone tissue. In contrast to the study of limb bone proportions, the present study is independent from the uncommon preservation of appendicular skeletal elements in fossil turtles, enabling the palaeoecological study of a much broader range of incompletely known turtle taxa in the fossil record.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shell bone histology indicates terrestrial palaeoecology of basal turtles

2007

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“…However, based on our mtDNA analysis and the published comparative morphological and physiological literature, we propose that Chrysemys be recognized as two monotypic taxa pending future analysis: Chrysemys dorsalis (Agassiz 1857) in the southern Mississippi drainage (Fig. 1) and Chrysemys picta (Schneider 1783) from the remainder of the range of the genus. Whether our results conclusively demonstrate that subspecies within picta should be abandoned or retained is debatable, as is the more general role of subspecies in evolutionary taxonomy.…”

Section: Species Boundaries: Is Chrysemys Picta a Single Species?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Systematics, Phylogeography, and the Effects of Pleistocene Glaciation in the Painted Turtle (Chrysemys Picta) Complex

Starkey

Shaffer

Burke³

et al. 2003

Evolution

109

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Abstract. The painted turtle, Chrysemys picta, is currently recognized as a continentally distributed polytypic species, ranging across North America from southern Canada to extreme northern Mexico. We analyzed variation in the rapidly evolving mitochondrial control region (CR) in 241 turtles from 117 localities across this range to examine whether the painted turtle represents a continentally distributed species based on molecular analysis. We found strong support for the novel hypothesis that C. p. dorsalis is the sister group to all remaining Chrysemys, with the remaining Chrysemys falling into a single, extremely wide-ranging and genetically undifferentiated species. Given our goal of an evolutionarily accurate taxonomy, we propose that two evolutionary lineages be recognized as species within Chrysemys: C. dorsalis (Agassiz 1857) in the southern Mississippi drainage region, and C. picta (Schneider 1783) from the rest of the range of the genus. Neither molecular nor recent morphological analyses argue for the hybrid origin of C. p. marginata as previously proposed. Within C. picta, we find evidence of at least two independent range expansions into previously glaciated regions of North America, one into New England and the other into the upper Midwest. We further find evidence of a massive extinction/recolonization event across the Great Plains/Rocky Mountain region encompassing over half the continental United States. The timing and extent of this colonization is consistent with a recently proposed regional aridification as the Laurentide ice sheets receded approximately 14,000 years ago, and we tentatively propose this paleoclimatological event as a major factor shaping genetic variation in Chrysemys.

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“…This unnamed species is not included on our current list of modern species (TTWG 2014). (Schneider 1783 Comment: The largest of the Mascarene Tortoises, some as large as big tortoises from Aldabra and Galápagos, but narrower and lighter. These tortoises occurred mostly on the western and southern parts of the island; apparently two morphotypes existed, suggesting that perhaps a second species was also present.…”

Section: Chelonoidis Sp [Santa Fé]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Turtles and Tortoises of the World During the Rise and Global Spread of Humanity: First Checklist and Review of Extinct Pleistocene and Holocene Chelonians.

Rhodin¹,

Thomson²,

Georgalis³

et al. 2015

Chelonian Research Monographs

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ABsTrAcT. -We provide a first checklist and review of all recognized taxa of the world's extinct Pleistocene and Holocene (Quaternary) turtles and tortoises that existed during the early rise and global expansion of humanity, and most likely went extinct through a combination of earlier hominin (e.g., Homo erectus, H. neanderthalensis) and later human (H. sapiens) exploitation, as well as being affected by concurrent global or regional climatic and habitat changes. This checklist complements the broader listing of all modern and extant turtles and tortoises by the Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (2014). We provide a comprehensive listing of taxonomy, names, synonymies, and stratigraphic distribution of all chelonian taxa that have gone extinct from approximately the boundary between the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene, ca. 2.6 million years ago, up through 1500 AD, at the beginning of modern times. We also provide details on modern turtle and tortoise taxa that have gone extinct since 1500 AD. This checklist currently includes 100 fossil turtle and tortoise taxa, including 84 named and apparently distinct species, and 16 additional taxa that appear to represent additional valid species, but are only identified to genus or family. Modern extinct turtles and tortoises include 8 species, 3 subspecies, and 1 unnamed taxon, for 12 taxa. Of the extinct fossil taxa, terrestrial tortoises of the family Testudinidae (including many large-bodied island forms) are the most numerous, with 60 taxa. When the numbers for fossil tortoises are combined with the 61 modern (living and extinct) species of tortoises, of the 121 tortoise species that have existed at some point since the beginning of the Pleistocene, 69 (57.0%) have gone extinct. This likely reflects the high vulnerability of these large and slow terrestrial (often insular) species primarily to human exploitation. The other large-bodied terrestrial turtles, the 000e.2 Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises • Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5As an addition to the annual checklist of extant modern turtle taxa (Turtle Taxonomy Working Group [TTWG] 2014), we here present an annotated checklist of extinct Pleistocene and Holocene turtle and tortoise species that existed in relatively recent times, prior to 1500 AD, during the history of the rise and global spread of humanity and concurrent global climatic and habitat changes. These species, recorded from archaeological and paleontological sites from the Pleistocene and Holocene epochs (Quaternary period), approximately the last 2.6 million years, are currently considered to be valid, and not synonymous with modern (post-1500 AD) taxa.These fossil species, including some unnamed taxa of indeterminate or undescribed generic or specific allocation, represent the majority of the chelonian diversity that has gone extinct relatively recently. Many of these taxa were likely extirpated by anthropogenic exploitation over the relatively long prehistory of earlier hominin (e.g., Homo erectus, H. neanderthalensi...

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Allgemeine Naturgeschichte der Schildkröten : nebst einem systemischen Verzeichnisse der einzelnen Arten und zwey Kupfern / von Johann Gottlob Schneider.

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Shell bone histology indicates terrestrial palaeoecology of basal turtles

Shell bone histology indicates terrestrial palaeoecology of basal turtles

Molecular Systematics, Phylogeography, and the Effects of Pleistocene Glaciation in the Painted Turtle (Chrysemys Picta) Complex

Turtles and Tortoises of the World During the Rise and Global Spread of Humanity: First Checklist and Review of Extinct Pleistocene and Holocene Chelonians.

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