Alleviation of short-term forgetting: Effects of the CS− and other conditioning elements in prior cueing or as context during test

Miller, James S.; Jagielo, Joyce A.; Spear, Norman E.

doi:10.1016/0023-9690(90)90006-a

Cited by 16 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The aversion to CS + for the subjects given prior cuing with the US is not weaker for the subjects trained with the CS + /CS -procedure relative to the subjects trained with the CS -/CS + procedure given the same prior-cuing treatment. Evidence from other experiments (Miller et al, 1990) also suggests little generalization between lemon and orange odors for the subjects at this age when testing occurs 3 h after conditioning. In one of these studies, the subjects were trained with the current one-trial conditioning procedure and tested for conditioned aversions to the CS + in either a preference test between the CS + and the novel orange odorant or between the CS+ and the CS-(lemon).…”

Section: The Influence Of Stimulus Change 237mentioning

confidence: 75%

“…In Experiment 2, the reactivation of memory was examined following pretest exposure to a variety of prior-cuing procedures. The general hypothesis was that the information provided by the CS -determines its effectiveness as a prior-cuing treatment (Miller, Jagielo, & Spear, 1990, 1991. In all of our previous tests, exposure to the CS -had always preceded the pairing of the CS+ and US, perhaps providing information to the animal about the "status" of the CS+ (i.e., that the stimulus will be followed by the US).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pretest exposure to the US was an effective cue for reactivation of the memory for subjects in both the CS-/CS+ and CS+/CS-conditions. In our previous reports (Miller et al, 1990(Miller et al, , 1991, the US served as an effective prior-cuing treatment. In those studies, however, the US was always presented in the same context in which the animal had been exposed to the US during conditioning.…”

Section: The Influence Of Stimulus Change 237mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Retention by 18-day-old rats conditioned with the CS -/CS + procedure or with the CS + alone was assessed with a preference test between the CS + and a novel nonpreferred odorant or between the CS + and the CS- (Miller, Jagielo, & Spear, 1990). The results indicated that presence of the CS -during conditioning facilitated later retention of the conditioned aversion, but only if the CS -was also present at the time of testing.…”

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confidence: 98%

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The influence of the information value provided by prior-cuing treatment on the reactivation of memory in preweanling rats

Miller

Jagielo

Spear

1992

Animal Learning & Behavior

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In two experiments, the influence of exposure to a CS-on the acquisition and retention of a conditioned odor aversion was examined. Preweanling rats were given exposure to the CSeither prior to (CS-/CS+) or following (CS+/CS-) the pairing of a second odor (the CS+) with footshock. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that subjects in both of the treatment conditions acquired aversions of comparable strength to the odor paired with footshock and that retention of the odor aversion was not affected by order of stimulus presentation during conditioning. Experiment 2 indicated, however, that the effectiveness of pretest exposure to various elements of the conditioning episode in reactivation of the memory for conditioning was dependent on the order of stimulus presentation during conditioning. This differential effectiveness of the various reactivation treatments is discussed in terms of their relationship to the associative "status" of the stimuli present during conditioning and in terms of the information provided to the animal by the reactivation treatment.Apparent age-related differences in learning rate may be largely a consequence of age-related changes in stimulus selection-what is learned from among the many elements and relationships that could be learned in a particular episode. Ontogenetic differences in stimulus selection are evident in a variety of circumstances (for reviews, see Spear & Kucharski, 1984a, 1984bSpear, Kucharski, & Miller, 1989), including a tendency for younger animals to show greater conditioning to "incidental" stimuli present at the time of conditioning. For example, Solheim, Hensler, and Spear (1980) found that a shift in the context from training to testing resulted in a disruption in the performance of active avoidance in young animals that was not evident in adults. Using a Pavlovian conditioning procedure, Lariviere, Chen, and Spear (1990) gave rats pairings of a black chamber and footshock in the presence of an olfactory contextual cue and also exposed them to a white chamber and no footshock in the presence of the same odor; that is, the odor was present

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Section: The Influence Of Stimulus Change 237mentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Influence Of Stimulus Change 237mentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The influence of the information value provided by prior-cuing treatment on the reactivation of memory in preweanling rats

Miller

Jagielo

Spear

1992

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…Giving shocks in the context may have been effective for reactivating a partially forgotten memory to a more accessible state, quite apart from any new learning about the context. Unsignaled USs have frequently been used as effective methods for reactivating forgotten memories in both young and adult rats (e.g., MacArdy & Riccio, 1995;Miller, Jagielo, & Spear, 1990;Riccio & Spear, 1991;Spear & Parsons, 1976). By this account, the shocks given prior to test may not have explicitly conditioned fear to context, but rather functioned in facilitating the retrieval of the memory for the training episode as a whole.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention of conditioned autonomic and behavioral responses in preweanling rats: Forgetting and reinstatement

Hunt

1997

Animal Learning & Behavior

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Preweanling rats, 16days of age, responded to an olfactory conditioned stimulus (CS) paired with a shock unconditioned stimulus (US) with increases in heart rate and behavioral activation. In two experiments this finding was replicated and, in addition, it was found that the form of these conditioned responses (CRs) changed after a retention interval, Whentested 24 h after CS-USpairings, the subjects displayed a decrease in heart rate accompanied by CS-elicitedfreezing. Givingtwo unsignaled shocks prior to the delayed test effectively reinstated the tachycardia and behavioral arousal CRs.The results are discussed in terms of contextual influences on the form of the CR and how changes in the magnitude of context fear may alter responding to an olfactory CS. 301Recently, Hunt, Hess, and Campbell (1997) reported an ontogenetic change in the form ofconditioned responding to an olfactory conditioned stimulus (CS) paired with a footshock unconditioned stimulus (US). Both heart rate (HR) and somatomotor responses to this CS differed as a function ofthe age oftraining. During CS-US pairings, preweanling rats, 16 days ofage, responded to the CS with cardioacceleration accompanied by a slight behavioral arousal. In contrast, adults given identical training responded to the CS with cardiodeceleration and freezing. It was hypothesized that the conditioning of a tachycardic defensive response in the preweanling subjects, as opposed to the bradycardic, perhaps attentional, response in the adults might be related to greater salience ofthe olfactory stimulus for the preweanling subjects. Given preweanlings' relative inexperience with stimuli from other modalities, such as audition and vision, olfactory stimuli may be ofspecial importance to the young animal, which would make olfactory cues particularly salient events for learning

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Pretest administration of glucose attenuates infantile amnesia for passive avoidance conditioning in rats

Flint

Riccio

1997

Dev. Psychobiol.

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Alleviation of short-term forgetting: Effects of the CS− and other conditioning elements in prior cueing or as context during test

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

The influence of the information value provided by prior-cuing treatment on the reactivation of memory in preweanling rats

The influence of the information value provided by prior-cuing treatment on the reactivation of memory in preweanling rats

Retention of conditioned autonomic and behavioral responses in preweanling rats: Forgetting and reinstatement

Pretest administration of glucose attenuates infantile amnesia for passive avoidance conditioning in rats

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