Pretest administration of glucose attenuates infantile amnesia for passive avoidance conditioning in rats

Flint, Robert W.; Riccio, David C.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2302(199711)31:3<207::aid-dev5>3.0.co;2-w

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In the first study, 17‐day‐old rats were subjected to IA conditioning; 24 h later, the animals were injected systemically with either saline or glucose immediately before testing. The saline‐injected rats exhibited weak memory performance, suggesting rapid forgetting, whereas this memory loss was significantly attenuated in glucose‐injected rats (Flint & Riccio, ). In a following study, the same authors exposed 18‐day‐old‐rats to an immediate post‐training subcutaneous injection of glucose; these rats performed significantly better than saline‐injected control animals on a retention test given 24 h after training (Flint & Riccio, ).…”

Section: Role Of Astrocyte–neuron Metabolic Coupling In Memory Formatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocyte glycogen and lactate: New insights into learning and memory mechanisms

Alberini

Cruz

Descalzi

et al. 2017

Glia

203

149

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Memory, the ability to retain learned information, is necessary for survival. Thus far, molecular and cellular investigations of memory formation and storage have mainly focused on neuronal mechanisms. In addition to neurons, however, the brain comprises other types of cells and systems, including glia and vasculature. Accordingly, recent experimental work has begun to ask questions about the roles of non-neuronal cells in memory formation. These studies provide evidence that all types of glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) make important contributions to the processing of encoded information and storing memories. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent findings on the critical role of astrocytes as providers of energy for the long-lasting neuronal changes that are necessary for long-term memory formation. We focus on three main findings: first, the role of glucose metabolism and the learning- and activity-dependent metabolic coupling between astrocytes and neurons in the service of long-term memory formation; second, the role of astrocytic glucose metabolism in arousal, a state that contributes to the formation of very long-lasting and detailed memories; and finally, in light of the high energy demands of the brain during early development, we will discuss the possible role of astrocytic and neuronal glucose metabolisms in the formation of early-life memories. We conclude by proposing future directions and discussing the implications of these findings for brain health and disease. Astrocyte glycogenolysis and lactate play a critical role in memory formation. Emotionally salient experiences form strong memories by recruiting astrocytic β2 adrenergic receptors and astrocyte-generated lactate. Glycogenolysis and astrocyte-neuron metabolic coupling may also play critical roles in memory formation during development, when the energy requirements of brain metabolism are at their peak.

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Section: Role Of Astrocyte–neuron Metabolic Coupling In Memory Formatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocyte glycogen and lactate: New insights into learning and memory mechanisms

Alberini

Cruz

Descalzi

et al. 2017

Glia

203

149

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“…Recently, Glenn et al 23 proposed glucose as an easy-to-use addition to the treatment of anxiety. Prior animal research had already shown that glucose (often administered at a dose of 250 mg kg −1 ) can influence several memory and anxiety tasks, 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 and that such tasks are associated with hippocampal glucose changes. 26 , 29 These hippocampus-dependent tasks may deplete the available glucose, and this depletion may then be reversed by glucose administration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No effect of glucose administration in a novel contextual fear generalization protocol in rats

et al. 2016

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The excessive transfer of fear acquired for one particular context to similar situations has been implicated in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder. Recent evidence suggests that glucose ingestion improves the retention of context conditioning. It has been speculated that glucose might exert that effect by ameliorating hippocampal functioning, and may hold promise as a therapeutic add-on in traumatized patients because improved retention of contextual fear could help to restrict its generalization. However, direct data regarding the effect of glucose on contextual generalization are lacking. Here, we introduce a new behavioral protocol to study such contextual fear generalization in rats. In adult Wistar rats, our procedure yields a gradient of generalization, with progressively less freezing when going from the original training context, over a perceptually similar generalization context, to a markedly dissimilar context. Moreover, we find a flattening of the gradient when the training-test interval is prolonged with 1 week. We next examine the effect of systemic glucose administration on contextual generalization with this novel procedure. Our data do not sustain generalization-reducing effects of glucose and question its applicability in traumatic situations. In summary, we have developed a replicable contextual generalization procedure for rats and demonstrate how it is a valuable tool to examine the neurobiological correlates and test pharmacological interventions pertaining to an important mechanism in the etiology of pathological anxiety.

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“…In rats, injections of epinephrine and glucose, at doses optimal for enhancing memory, result in comparable increases in blood glucose concentrations (Gold, 1995). Like epinephrine, glucose administration enhances memory (Flint & Riccio, 1999;Gold, 1986;Kopf & Baratti, 1996;Messier, 1997) and attenuates memory deficits in rodents (Flint & Riccio, 1997;Stone, Croul, & Gold, 1988;Stone, Rudd, & Gold, 1995;Winocur & Gagnon, 1998). In humans, glucose administration improves declarative memory in healthy young and elderly participants, as well as in participants with Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome, and schizophrenia (Benton & Owens, 1993;Craft, Murphy, & Wenstrom, 1994;Foster, Lidder, & Sünram, 1998Hall, Gonder-Frederick, Chewning, Silveira, & Gold, 1989;Manning, Parsons, Cotter, & Gold, 1997;Manning, Stone, Korol, & Gold, 1998;Messier, Pierre, Desrochers, & Gravel, 1998;Newcomer et al, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotionally Arousing Pictures Increase Blood Glucose Levels and Enhance Recall

Blake

Varnhagen

Parent

2001

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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Pretest administration of glucose attenuates infantile amnesia for passive avoidance conditioning in rats

Cited by 26 publications

References 44 publications

Astrocyte glycogen and lactate: New insights into learning and memory mechanisms

Astrocyte glycogen and lactate: New insights into learning and memory mechanisms

No effect of glucose administration in a novel contextual fear generalization protocol in rats

Emotionally Arousing Pictures Increase Blood Glucose Levels and Enhance Recall

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