Alleviating the Crystallization Dynamics and Suppressing the Oxidation Process for Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Fill Factors Exceeding 80 Percent

Abstract

The low toxicity and a near‐ideal bandgap endow tin (Sn)‐based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) a promising future in photovoltaic technologies. However, in general the Sn‐based perovskites suffer from poor resistance to oxidation and fast crystallization dynamics, resulting in low fill factors (FFs) and power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Herein, a strategy to improve the performance of TPSCs by incorporating 2‐(2‐aminoethyl)–2‐thiopseudourea dihydrobromide (AET) into the Sn‐based perovskites is proposed. AET interacts strongly with the Sn‐based perovskites, and thus effectively inhibits the oxidation from Sn2+ to Sn4+ and slows down the crystallization process. As a result, the TPSCs with AET achieve a high FF of 80.26% and a high PCE of 13.55%. Notably, this FF value represents the highest reported in the field of TPSCs with narrow bandgaps. Furthermore, encapsulated TPSCs demonstrate good stability, maintaining 80% of their initial performance over the course of 700 h.

Antimony‐Based Halide Perovskite Nanoparticles as Lead‐Free Photocatalysts for Controlled Radical Polymerization

“…To overcome the limitations of Pb-based perovskites and enhance their photocatalytic performance, [70] various non-toxic or less toxic elements, including tin (Sn), [71,72] germanium (Ge), [73] bismuth (Bi), [74] and antimony (Sb), [75] have been incorporated into perovskite structures as replacements for Pb. However, perovskites based on Sn and Ge exhibit low stability, as Sn(II) and Ge(II) are prone to oxidation to the tetravalent state when exposed to air.…”

Efficient quasi-2D tin perovskite solar cells based on mixed monoammonium and diammonium terminal molecules

“…The outstanding optoelectronic properties exhibited by tin perovskites, such as high absorption coefficients, low exciton binding energies and desirable bandgaps, render them as one of the most promising candidates for lead-free perovskites with a theoretical power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 33.4% based on the Shockley–Queisser equation. 1 Over the past decade, several seminal strategies have been employed to enhance the efficiency of tin perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) from approximately 6% to over 14%, 2–6 including compositional manipulation, 7–9 additive engineering, 10–13 surface modification 14,15 and device architecture design. 16–18…”

Colloidal Zeta Potential Modulation as a Handle to Control the Crystallization Kinetics of Tin Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications

“…[6][7][8] Tin halide perovskites are the most prospective substitute for lead-free perovskites due to their high charge carrier mobility (1000 cm 2 v À 1 s À 1 ), [9] low exciton binding energies (~1 8 meV), [10] and long lifetime of hot carriers (more than 1 ns). [11] Recently, tin halide perovskites have demonstrated exceptional achievements in various optoelectronic applications such as solar cells, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] field-effect transistors, [23][24][25] light-emitting diodes, [26][27] photodetectors, [28] and lasers. [29] The PCE of tin halide PSCs has exceeded 14 %, demonstrating the immense promise of tin halide perovskites for photovoltaic applications.…”