“…Some manufacturers use them to minimize the allergenic potential of implants made of CoCrMo alloy, predominantly in knee arthroplasties (Corin Group, ; DOT Coatings GmbH, ; Granchi et al, ; Implantcast GmbH, ; Lachiewicz, Watters, & Jacobs, ; Reich et al, ). This is because TiN and similar films can act as a barrier protecting the substrate material from corrosion and metal ion release (Corin Group, ; Granchi et al, ; Implantcast GmbH, ; Lachiewicz et al, ; Middleton & Toms, ; Reich et al, ; Thomsen, Rozak, & Thomas, ). The clinical use of such components is the subject of debate, predominantly because immunological mechanisms of metal hypersensitivity in patients with knee replacements are not well understood (Bravo et al, ; Caicedo, Solver, Coleman, Jacobs, & Hallab, ; Granchi et al, ; Lachiewicz et al, ; Middleton & Toms, ).…”