Allelic isozyme variants in the mexican axolotl (<i>Ambystoma mexicanum</i>) as potential markers for developmental experiments

Cooper, Gillian; Armstrong, John; Gottlob-McHugh, Sylvia G.

doi:10.1002/dvg.1020050203

Dev. Genet.

1984

DOI: 10.1002/dvg.1020050203

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Allelic isozyme variants in the mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) as potential markers for developmental experiments

Gillian Cooper

John Armstrong

Sylvia G. Gottlob-McHugh

Abstract: Four isozyme systems were surveyed in our laboratory-bred colony of axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanurn) to determine whether there were elecrophoretic variants that could be used as markers in developmental experiments. For malate dehydrogenase (MDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and phosphoglucomutase (PGM), the best separations were obtained by isoelectric focussing on polyacrylamide slab gels, whereas for soluble esterases (Est), conventional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used. The patterns for both MD… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Any marked change occurring in their electrophoretic pattern has been directly related to development changes ( SCANDALIOS 1974, DICKINSON and SULLIVAN 1975, COOPER et al 1985. In this study, the production of j3-glucosidase and endoglucanase and the pattern of their isozymes in extra-und intracellular filtrates during the development of Chaetomium fusisporale has been investigated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Expression of β‐glucosidase and endo‐β‐1,4‐glucanase during development of Chaetomium fusisporale and their characterization

Sandhu

Puri

1989

J. Basic Microbiol.

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In the present study, the production of ,!?-glucosidase and endoglucanase and the pattern of their corresponding polymorphic forms occurring in the extracellular and cytosolic filtrates of Chaetomium fusisporale (ATCC 64772) has been studied. When C. fusisporale was grown on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the sole carbon source, the extracellular fractions contained most of these enzymes. The distribution of the enzymes varied with the age of the culture. By the use of electrophoretic techniques the presence of two forms of P-glucosidase, i.e. ,!?-GLU I1 and ,!?-GLU 111 was detected in extracellular and cytosolic filtrates at early stages of growth, while at later stages two more isozymes of B-glucosidase, i.e. D-GLU I and 8-GLU IV, only appeared in the cytosolic filtrates. Similary, endoglucases isozymes EG I and EG I1 were present in both fractions at early stages of growth but at later stages, with the production of perithecia, EG 111 appeared. Thus, EG 111, j-GLU I and /I-GLU IV may indicate that they are correlated with the development of the fungus. In order to differentiate further between the multiple molecular forms of these enzymes two of them have been characterized with respect to temperature, pH, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and metal ions.Isozymes are multiple molecular forms of enzymes which have been found to be important in the study of differential gene actions of an organism. Any marked change occurring in their electrophoretic pattern has been directly related to development changes ( SCANDALIOS 1974, DICKINSON and SULLIVAN 1975, COOPER et al. 1985. In this study, the production of j3-glucosidase and endoglucanase and the pattern of their isozymes in extra-und intracellular filtrates during the development of Chaetomium fusisporale has been investigated. This fungus starts to produce sexual reproductive bodies, the perithecia, after passing through the vegetative phase of life. In order to differenciate further between the isozymes of pglucosidase and endoglucanase some of them have been characterized with respect to temperature, pH, EDTA and metal ions. Materials and methodsMicroorganism: The strain of Chaetomium fusisporale used in the present study was isolated from local soil. It produces no asexual spores but only perithecia at later stages of growth. The stock cultures were maintained in soil at 4 "C and subcultured on slants containing VOGEL'S glucose medium (VOGEL 1956).Inoculum: The discs (7 mm diameter) cut from the periphery of three day old cultures growing on VOGEL'S medium plates which were incubated at 37 "C were used as inoculum.Enzyme production: 250 ml flasks containing 50 ml of VmeL's medium (SANDHLJ and KALRA 1982) and supplemented with 1 % carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were inoculated in each case with five mycelial discs of C. fusisporale. The flasks were incubated at 37 "C as static cultures and always two flasks were analyzed at regular intervals for 20 days. Analytical methods : The enzymes were measured in both extracellular and cytosol fraction. The cul...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of β‐glucosidase and endo‐β‐1,4‐glucanase during development of Chaetomium fusisporale and their characterization

Sandhu

Puri

1989

J. Basic Microbiol.

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The axolotl mutants

Armstrong

1985

Dev. Genet.

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The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) has enjoyed wide use in experimental embryology for over 100 yr. Its usefulness has been extended into the area of developmental genetics largely due to the contributions of R. Briggs and R. R. Humphrey at Indiana University. To date over 30 mutants have been described, almost all of which affect development. Some of these have been discovered in inbred strains while others have been uncovered in recent Mexican imports. These mutants can be subdivided into several major classes. Maternal effect mutations lead to deficiencies in informational, structural, or metabolic components of the egg essential to early development prior to the time at which the embryo's own genome becomes active. In contrast, the developmental lethals affect later stages in embryogenesis when both morphogenetic and biochemical events are determined exclusively by the genotype of the embryo. Most lead to death at about feeding stage. Some, the cell lethals, are believed to suffer from fundamental metabolic defects affecting all parts of the embryo. Others affect the development of specific organs or tissues. The developmental nonlethals also affect specific systems, but ones that are not essential to survival. Some affect the development and survival of pigment cells and these, along with isozyme variants, are useful as markers in developmental experiments. A number of the mutants have been studied in detail, but others scarcely at all. The purpose of this review is to bring them to the attention of all developmental biologists in the hope that their potential will be even more widely recognized.

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Isozyme polymorphism of cellulases in Aspergillus terreus

Singh¹,

Brar²,

Sandhu³

et al. 1996

J. Basic Microbiol.

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Maximum cellulase production in Aspergillus terreus was obtained at a temperature of 28 degrees C, pH 4.0 and a substrate concentration of 1% CMC. Variability in cellulase enzyme production and isozyme polymorphism of endo-beta-1,4-glucanase and beta-1,4-glucosidase was studied in 45 natural isolates of A. terreus. Different electrophoretic patterns were evident for endoglucanase. Three zones of activity viz EG 1, EG 11 and EG 111 were observed showing different electrophoretic mobilities. Some of the isolates exhibited the presence of null alleles for EG 1. During development EG 1 and EG 11 were observed throughout while EG 111 appeared on the eighth day. For beta-1,4-glucosidase two zones of activity viz beta-glu 1 and beta-glu 11 were observed. beta-glu 1 showed variable electrophoretic mobilities. beta-glu 1 appeared throughout during development while beta-glu 11 appeared on the twelfth day.

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Allelic isozyme variants in the mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) as potential markers for developmental experiments

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Expression of β‐glucosidase and endo‐β‐1,4‐glucanase during development of Chaetomium fusisporale and their characterization

Expression of β‐glucosidase and endo‐β‐1,4‐glucanase during development of Chaetomium fusisporale and their characterization

The axolotl mutants

Isozyme polymorphism of cellulases in Aspergillus terreus

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