“All the King’s horses and all the King’s men…”: What is broken should not always be put back together again

Devilly, Grant J.

doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.11.020

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This research into preloading found that, of the 2,751 participants from Brisbane (the State capital of Queensland), more than 79% of people reported to preload and 71% returned a breath approximated blood alcohol content (BrAC) greater than zero, with both figures showing little difference between the genders. Further, and contrary to other research which used a retrospective methodology (see Devilly, 2018 for a discussion of this), it was found that the primary reason for preloading was 'to socialise', with 'to save money' being a close secondary reason. Seminal research in the United States (e.g., Borsari et al, 2007;Chaney et al, 2019) has demonstrated that preloading (or, pregaming, as termed there) is a unique predictor of intoxication and addiction in mandated students.…”

Section: Preloadingcontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…Recent research investigating alcohol use in Queensland NEDs (Devilly, Allen, and Brown, 2017) has found these districts to be particularly populated on Thursday, Friday, and Saturday nights by individuals typically in their early 20s (Mage = 22.61, SD = 5.49). Preloading (also referred to as "pre-drinking", "pre-gaming" or "pre-partying") occurs when people consume alcohol, individually or in groups, prior to entering NEDs, typically in a private house, hotel or suburban pub (Devilly, 2018;Devilly, Allen & Brown, 2017;Foster & Ferguson, 2014). This research into preloading found that, of the 2,751 participants from Brisbane (the State capital of Queensland), more than 79% of people reported to preload and 71% returned a breath approximated blood alcohol content (BrAC) greater than zero, with both figures showing little difference between the genders.…”

Section: Preloadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The obvious reason for this is the lack of time one has with such samples to get them to complete any meaningful personality measures while they are inebriated. However, with our methods of data collection (see Devilly, 2018), and the availability of short item personality questionnaires (e.g., the Ten Item Personality Inventory; Gosling, Rentfrow and Swann, 2003), we believe that the most stable personality variables can now be approximated and taken into account into any model predicting end of night BrAC.…”

Section: Demographic Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crisis support services in night-time entertainment districts: Changes in demand following changes in alcohol legislation

Devilly

Srbinovski

2019

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Devilly obtained funding, managed the larger research programme, designed the research, collected data, analysed the data and wrote the manuscript. Allen also obtained funding, managed the larger research programme, designed the research, collected data, and contributed to revisions of the manuscript. Greber refined the design and procedure, collected the data and contributed to analysing the data and writing the manuscript. Brown also helped to refine the design and procedure, collected the data and contributed to revisions of the manuscript. Conflicts of Interest / Competing Interest: None. In particular, the authors have not received any funding during this research from local or state governments, political organizations, lobby groups, temperance societies and health based registered charities, or companies involved in the supply or sale of alcohol. Licence to publish: Exclusive licence to publish this article is given. Transparency Declaration: The lead author affirms that this manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study being reported; that no important aspects of the study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the study as planned have been explained.

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Section: Preloadingcontrasting

confidence: 86%

Section: Preloadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Demographic Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crisis support services in night-time entertainment districts: Changes in demand following changes in alcohol legislation

Devilly

Srbinovski

2019

International Journal of Drug Policy

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“…In addition to medical health risks, ‘Alcohol fuelled violence’ is an oft-cited reason for temperance legislation and efforts to restrict opening hours of establishments selling alcohol. In Australia, this approach to violence reduction in NEDS has led to significant scientific [10, 11] and political [12] controversy. It is undisputed that there are more assaults and violent acts in Australian NEDs that stay open late and where alcohol is available, than in districts where alcohol is not available or where the clubs have earlier closing hours [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A big night out getting bigger: Alcohol consumption, arrests and crowd numbers, before and after legislative change

2019

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Background Restrictive practices on alcohol sales in entertainment districts have been introduced to reduce alcohol-related violence in youth. On 1 st July 2016, the Queensland State Government (Australia) imposed a 2-hour reduction in trading hours for alcohol sales in venues within specific night-time entertainment districts (NEDS; from 5am to 3am), a reduction in maximum trading hours for venues outside NEDs (with a maximum 2am closing time), the banning of ‘rapid intoxication drinks’ (e.g. shots) after 12am, and no new approvals for trading hours beyond 10pm for the sale of takeaway alcohol. No independent study has evaluated general levels of intoxication, crowd numbers, fear of violence, and illicit substance use as people enter and exit NEDS, both before and after the introduction of restrictive legislation. Further, no study has assessed the impact using matched times of the year in a controlled study and also assessed actual assault rates as recorded by the police. Method We conducted 3 studies–randomly breath-testing patrons for alcohol, as they entered and exited NEDs. Study 1 assessed patrons’ (n = 807) breath approximated blood alcohol concentration (BrAC) and predictions of how the legislation would change their drinking habits before the legislation was enacted. Study 2 assessed crime statistics and patrons’ BrAC levels and drug taking reports on an equivalent night, one year apart–before (n = 497) and after (n = 406) the new legislation. Study 3 was a test of the generalisation of Study 2 with two months of survey and BrAC data collected as people entered and exited the NEDs over two consecutive years before (n = 652 and n = 155) and one year after (n = 460) the new legislation. In Study 3 we also collected crime statistics and data on people leaving the entertainment district one year before (n = 502) and one year after (n = 514) the legislative change. Findings People predicted that the legislation would lead to them drinking more alcohol before they entered town or make little change to their drinking habits. Baseline data over the 2 years before the legislation (Study 3) demonstrated stable preloading rates and BrAC at entry to the NEDs. However, after the introduction of the legislation patrons entered the NEDs systematically later and increased their alcohol preloading. People were substantially more inebriated as they entered the NEDs after the legislative change, with approximately 50% fewer people not preloading after the new laws. Exit BrAC was less consistent but showed some evidence of an increase. Crime statistics and patrons’ self-reported experiences of violence did not change. Interpretation Legislation that does not specifically adapt to the cultural shift of preloading and take local conditions into account will be unsuccessful in reducing alcohol consumption. Such legislation is unlikely to meaningfully change assault rates in youth.

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“…However, not all high aBAC readings were impacted by measurement error, which suggests external influences fluctuated aBAC readings ( Gullberg, 2006 ). We argue that participants should not be excluded at the first-point of contact based on experimenter observation because intoxication impacts all individuals differently and this approach will bias the sample (see Devilly, 2018 ). Understandably, if the participant is not able to proceed with the research—because of extreme intoxication and cognitive impairment—then it would be reasonable for the researcher to terminate the testing and count this as a ‘refusal’ or ‘omission due to impairment’ in the study attrition data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel-cell breathalyser use for field research on alcohol intoxication: an independent psychometric evaluation

Sorbello

Devilly

Allen

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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BackgroundSeveral field studies have used fuel-cell breathalysers (FCB) to investigate the prevalence of alcohol intoxication. However, there is a lack of evidence evaluating the psychometric properties of these breathalysers outside of the forensic disciplines.MethodsThe current research describes four studies designed that assess the reliability and validity of portable platinum FCBs for research on alcohol intoxication. Utilising the Alcolizer LE5 breathalyser and, to a lesser degree, the Lifeloc FC-20 and the Lion Intoxilyzer 8000, each study sampled patrons frequenting popular night-time entertainment districts with varying levels of alcohol intoxication.ResultsStudy one and two found excellent test-retest reliability and inter-instrument reliability for FCBs. Study three and four provided evidence to support the convergent validity of the two FCBs (the LE5 with the FC20), and with an evidential breathalyser (i.e., the Lion Intoxilyzer 8000; EB).DiscussionA 93–97% agreement rate between breathalyser readings was found across the four studies. Portable FCB are recommended as a reliable and valid instrument for research designs requiring quick alcohol intoxication estimations in large populations. Strategies to enhance reliable and valid readings are provided for field researchers.

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“All the King’s horses and all the King’s men…”: What is broken should not always be put back together again

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Crisis support services in night-time entertainment districts: Changes in demand following changes in alcohol legislation

Crisis support services in night-time entertainment districts: Changes in demand following changes in alcohol legislation

A big night out getting bigger: Alcohol consumption, arrests and crowd numbers, before and after legislative change

Fuel-cell breathalyser use for field research on alcohol intoxication: an independent psychometric evaluation

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