All-Printed Flexible Memristor with Metal–Non-Metal-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticle Thin Films

Abstract

A memristor is a fundamental electronic device that operates like a biological synapse and is considered as the solution of classical von Neumann computers. Here, a fully printed and flexible memristor is fabricated by depositing a thin film of metal–non-metal (chromium-nitrogen)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2). The resulting device exhibited enhanced performance with self-rectifying and forming free bipolar switching behavior. Doping was performed to bring stability in the performance of the memristor by controlling the defects and impurity levels. The forming free memristor exhibited characteristic behavior of bipolar resistive switching with a high on/off ratio (2.5 × 103), high endurance (500 cycles), long retention time (5 × 103 s) and low operating voltage (±1 V). Doping the thin film of TiO2 with metal–non-metal had a significant effect on the switching properties and conduction mechanism as it directly affected the energy bandgap by lowering it from 3.2 eV to 2.76 eV. Doping enhanced the mobility of charge carriers and eased the process of filament formation by suppressing its randomness between electrodes under the applied electric field. Furthermore, metal–non-metal-doped TiO2 thin film exhibited less switching current and improved non-linearity by controlling the surface defects.

Charge Transport inside TiO2 Memristors Prepared via FEBID

“…A top thin layer of silver was used as an active anode while the ITO layer, when the voltage was applied and the heat was generated, affected the formation and destruction of the conductive filaments within the switching device. Another fully printed and flexible memristor has been demonstrated recently [ 25 ], as fabricated by depositing a thin film of metal-non-metal doped TiO 2 that exhibited enhanced performance with self-rectifying and formed free bipolar switching behavior.…”

Immobilization of Multivalent Titanium Cations on Magnetic Composite Microspheres for Highly Efficient DNA Extraction and Amplification

“…The appearance of new absorption peaks at 1050 cm –1 and the heightened intensity of the peak at 1200 cm –1 was due to the stretching vibrations of the P–O bonds in PA. Furthermore, the enhancement of the broad absorption peaks spanning from 750 to 900 cm –1 and the peaks at 1383 cm –1 in the MM@PGMA–PA-Ti 4+ spectrum provided the evidence of Ti–O stretching vibrations. , To determine the accurate composition of the MM@PGMA–PA-Ti 4+ composite microspheres, we further recorded the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra (Figure S2). The full-survey spectrum revealed the existence of Ti and P elements.…”

Low-Dimensional-Materials-Based Flexible Artificial Synapse: Materials, Devices, and Systems

“…For example, 2D materials, such as transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), 2D oxides, and MXene, and 1D materials, such as carbon nanotubes, metal oxide nanotubes, and silicon nanowires, have been synthesized and widely applied. In addition, 0D materials, such as quantum dots and nanoparticles, were used in the dielectric layer of a memristive device [ 26 , 27 , 41 ]. These materials show superior flexibility for the implementation of flexible electronics than their bulk counterparts.…”

“…Therefore, low-dimensional materials, including both 0-dimensional materials (0D), one-dimensional (1D) materials, and two-dimensional (2D), have been employed in flexible neuromorphic devices and systems [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. In addition, some low-dimensional materials, such as transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDs), graphene, and nanotubes, exhibit properties that are sensitive to external stimuli, which is also required for sensing applications.…”