All-optical modulator based on graphene-photonic crystal fiber

Wang, Xiaoyu; Fu, Guangwei; Cui, Yongzhao; Fu, Xinghu; Jin, Wa; Bi, Weihong

doi:10.35848/1882-0786/abb95a

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Finally, a performance comparison with the other modulators is carried out in table 2, with respect to electrooptical modulator, thermo-optical modulator and all-optical modulator based on optical fiber. The voltage modulation outperforms temperature and light modulation for Gr-PCF that achieving modulation depths of 1.29 dB cm −1 [30] and 6.4 × 10 −5 dB cm −1 [8], respectively. While the electro-optical modulator obtains modulation depths of 20 dB cm −1 [7] and 42 dB mm −1 [14].…”

Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Photonic quasi-crystal fiber electro-optical modulator

She,

Sheng,

Shan

et al. 2024

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The integration of graphene with optical fiber is considered to be a new interdisciplinary research hotspot for functional fiber. In this paper, an electro-optical modulator based on a six-fold Stampfli-type photonic quasi-crystal fiber is theoretically proposed with a sandwiched graphene/hBN/graphene film covering all the hole walls. This design exhibits a strong light-matter interaction with an excellent modulation depth of ∼64 dB mm-1 at 1550 nm by applying an external bias voltage (below 30 V) on both graphene layers. As the Fermi level of the graphene changes with voltage, the fiber shows “On” and “Off” states, serving well as an optical switch. For the modulator performance, the dependence of modulation depth on multiple factors is studied in terms of the layer numbers of graphene and hBN films, the fiber length, the incident wavelength, and the structure parameters. Interestingly, an attenuation peak originating from the surface plasmon resonance appears, showing a linear relationship between the resonant wavelength and the Fermi level. This design provides a viable solution for the integration of photonic quasi-crystal fiber and graphene, and holds great promise for future all-optical systems.

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Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Photonic quasi-crystal fiber electro-optical modulator

She,

Sheng,

Shan

et al. 2024

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…[88,218] An all-optical modulator based on Gr-PCF is demonstrated in 2020, where Gr-PCF is directly CVD-grown using methane as carbon precursor at ≈1030 °C under atmospheric pressure. [219] In the all-optical modulator experiment, 2 cm long Gr-PCF is connected with standard single mode fibers, coupled by two light beams at 1550 and 895 nm simultaneously using a wavelength division multiplexer. The output intensity of 895 nm laser is modulated by the different input intensity of 1550 nm, where the modulation depth increases with the increment of 1550 nm laser power, and achieves the maximum of ≈2.58 dB under 60 mW.…”

Section: Graphene Photonic Crystal Fiber Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rise of Graphene Photonic Crystal Fibers

Zhou

Deng

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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2D graphene with tremendous novel properties is an ideal material for optical and optoelectronic applications. Meanwhile, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have been recognized as next-generation optical fibers that possess a designable porous structure, rich functions, and different working mechanisms. Recently, the integration of graphene with a PCF has formed a new hybrid fiber, a graphene photonic crystal fiber (Gr-PCF), which exhibits an extremely strong and tunable light-matter interaction across a broadband spectrum range and opens up a new interdisciplinary research direction. In this review, recent studies on, and achievements in graphene-traditional fibers and Gr-PCFs have been summarized from the aspects of the development process, preparation method, and device application. First, the graphene properties and the development and characteristics of PCFs are introduced. The discussion is continued with the existing fabrication technologies for hybrid graphene-traditional fibers. Next, the chemical vapor deposition method for Gr-PCFs is elaborated. Then, fiber devices based on graphene-traditional fibers, Gr-PCFs, and other 2D material fibers are presented. To conclude, challenges and perspectives are presented to encourage advanced Gr-PCF study.

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“…Here, we report a novel syringe-filling method for the convenient and scalable fabrication of GaSe-HCF with a length of up to half a meter. With its simple and unique structural characteristics of hollow core, the HCF has been a novel platform for all-fiber optical devices, including low-loss optical waveguides [15][16][17] , fiber sensors [18][19][20][21][22] , mode-locked fiber lasers [23][24][25] , optical modulators [26][27][28][29][30][31] , and laser frequency converters [32][33][34][35][36][37] . The corresponding bulk GaSe is a well-known nonlinear crystal with second-order optical nonlinear coefficient 2 orders of magnitude larger than that of the widely used LiNbO3 crystal 38,39 , and two-dimensional monolayer GaSe shows much stronger SHG intensity than other two-dimensional atomic crystals even under nonresonant condition 12 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Giant Enhancement of Optical Second Harmonic Generation in Hollow-Core Fiber Integrated with GaSe Nanoflakes

Wang¹,

Yang²,

Xue³

et al. 2023

Acta Physico Chimica Sinica

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All-fiber functional devices are superior to conventional optical crystals for next-generation integrated optics owing to their natural compatibility with optical fiber systems. Nonlinear optical fiber devices play an important role in frequency conversion and optical parametric amplification. However, optical fibers are unsuitable for all-optical systems owing to the intrinsic properties of pure quartz. Optical second harmonic generation (SHG), which is significant in practical optical applications, is theoretically forbidden in traditional centrosymmetric non-crystalline fused silica fibers. Consequently, generating giant second-order optical processes in optical fibers remains challenging. Many studies have attempted to artificially break the centrosymmetry of fused silica fibers using various poling techniques, such as thermal or electric field poling, which can enhance the second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility. However, these methods require difficult and complicated fabrication processes, and the corresponding hybrid optical fibers exhibit an inefficient harmonic generation process, which greatly increases the cost and limits the development of all-fiber nonlinear functionalization. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new fabrication methods and technical means for functionalizing optical fiber devices that can improve the second-order nonlinear effect while remaining simple and practical. Herein, we propose an improved solution-filling method that can effectively deposit highly nonlinear GaSe nanoflakes directly on the inner walls of hollowcore fibers (HCF) with a length of up to half a meter. In addition, the as-fabricated hollow-core fiber integrated with GaSe nanoflakes (GaSe-HCF) is used to demonstrate that the second-order nonlinear effect of the optical fiber is enhanced by the ultrahigh nonlinear effect of the GaSe materials. Compared to previously reported MoS2-embedded hollow-core fibers (MoS2-HCF) and conventional optical fibers, the SHG of the GaSe-HCF is three and two orders of magnitude stronger than that of bare HCF and MoS2-HCF, respectively. A GaSe-HCF with a length of up to half a meter was successfully prepared using the new filling method and exhibited good expansibility. The pressure process was exploited by adding a short length

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All-optical modulator based on graphene-photonic crystal fiber

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Photonic quasi-crystal fiber electro-optical modulator

Photonic quasi-crystal fiber electro-optical modulator

The Rise of Graphene Photonic Crystal Fibers

Giant Enhancement of Optical Second Harmonic Generation in Hollow-Core Fiber Integrated with GaSe Nanoflakes

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