All‐Nanofiber Self‐Powered Skin‐Interfaced Real‐Time Respiratory Monitoring System for Obstructive Sleep Apnea‐Hypopnea Syndrome Diagnosing

Abstract

Human respiration is an indispensable physiological behavior of the body, which is an important indicator to evaluate health status, especially for sleep‐related diseases. A real‐time respiratory monitoring and sleep breathing detecting system with convenience, high sensitivity, simple fabrication, and wearing comfort still remains a challenge and urgently desirable. Here, a breathable, highly sensitive, and self‐powered electronic skin (e‐skin) based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is reported for real‐time respiratory monitoring and obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) diagnosis. By using multilayer polyacrylonitrile and “polyamide 66” nanofibers as the contact pairs, and deposited gold as the electrodes, a contact‐separation type of TENG‐based all‐nanofiber e‐skin is developed. The e‐skin has a peak power density of 330 mW m−2, high pressure sensitivity of 0.217 kPa−1, excellent working stability, and good air permeability. Therefore, the e‐skin is simultaneously capable of energy autonomy and accurate real‐time subtle respiration monitoring. Meanwhile, a self‐powered diagnostic system for real‐time detection and severity evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome are further developed to prevent the occurrence of OSAHS, delay its development, and improve sleep quality. This study hopes to pave a new and practical pathway for real‐time respiration monitoring and sleep breathing diseases clinical detection.

Advances in High‐Performance Autonomous Energy and Self‐Powered Sensing Textiles with Novel 3D Fabric Structures

“…energy from a freely moving object without attaching an electric conductor, which is suitable for fabricating sliding/typing/ touch screen. Owing to simple fabrication, easy to carry, and versatility in energy harvesting, the SE mode has been developed in wearable electronics, [110] fitness monitoring, [111,112] soft robotics, [113] and human-machine interface. [70] The FT mode comprises a triboelectric layer and two stationary symmetrical electrodes.…”

Ultrathin Eardrum‐Inspired Self‐Powered Acoustic Sensor for Vocal Synchronization Recognition with the Assistance of Machine Learning

“…Fortunately, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is the application of Maxwell's displacement current, which is first invented by Wang and co-workers in 2012. [16][17][18] TENG has been considered as an energy harvesting technology for the new era, and intensive advancements of them have been achieved in micro-/nanopower sources, [19][20][21][22] self-powered sensors, [23][24][25][26][27][28] high-voltage sources, [29][30][31][32] and blue energy harvesting. [33][34][35] Based on the coupling of triboelectrification With the rapid development of human-machine interfaces, artificial acoustic sensors play an important role in the hearing impaired.…”

Self-Healing and Elastic Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Muscle Motion Monitoring and Photothermal Treatment

“…With the extensive development of modern microelectronic technology, stretchable, flexible, and human-friendly electronic devices have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on the coupling between triboelectrification and electrostatic induction are an energy technology that can convert mechanical energy in the surrounding environment into electrical energy. − Owing to their high energy conversion efficiency, low cost, and the possibility of using diverse materials, TENGs have been widely utilized in various fields, such as wearable electronic devices, − Internet of things, , environmental sensors, , miniaturized sensors, − and medical treatment. − In addition, various types of TENG with excellent flexibility based on soft materials have been developed, such as assembled TENGs, fabric-based TENGs, paper-based TENGs, and skin-based TENGs . Therefore, the next generation of electronic devices will exhibit elastic properties − and will be biocompatible. , Motivated by the high demand for wearable devices, research groups have made extensive efforts to develop soft and wearable electronic devices.…”

“…Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on the coupling between triboelectrification and electrostatic induction are an energy technology that can convert mechanical energy in the surrounding environment into electrical energy. 1−10 Owing to their high energy conversion efficiency, low cost, and the possibility of using diverse materials, TENGs have been widely utilized in various fields, such as wearable electronic devices, 11−13 Internet of things, 14,15 environmental sensors, 16,17 miniaturized sensors, 18−22 and medical treatment. 23−27 In addition, various types of TENG with excellent flexibility based on soft materials have been developed, such as assembled TENGs, 28 fabric-based TENGs, 29 paper-based TENGs, 30 and skin-based TENGs.…”