All-Inorganic Perovskite CsPbI2Br Through Co-evaporation for Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells

Park, Chan-Gyu; Choi, Won‐Gyu; Na, Sungjae; Moon, Taeho

doi:10.1007/s13391-018-0095-1

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…[34] Moreover, this work pioneered the concept of fully vacuum-processed perovskite solar cells, which were further refined by employing organic and/or inorganic charge transport layers. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41] Recent co-evaporation studies have advanced beyond the simple single-cation CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 material to triple-cation, [42] methylammonium-free, [43][44][45][46] as well as lead-free and leadreduced perovskite materials. [47][48][49] For solution-based perovskite solar cells, multi-cation and methylammonium-free perovskite materials have been reported to be a promising material system since they allow for easy bandgap tuning in addition to substantially better long-term stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Groundwork to Efficient Solar Cells: On the Importance of the Substrate Material in Co‐Evaporated Perovskite Solar Cells

Abzieher

Feeney

Schackmar

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Vacuum-based deposition of optoelectronic thin films has a long-standing history. However, in the field of perovskite-based photovoltaics, these techniques are still not as advanced as their solution-based counterparts. Although high-efficiency vacuum-based perovskite solar cells reaching power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) above 20% are reported, the number of studies on the underlying physical and chemical mechanism of the co-evaporation of lead iodide and methylammonium iodide is low. In this study, the impact of one of the most crucial process parameters in vacuum processes-the substrate material-is studied. It is shown that not only the morphology of the co-evaporated perovskite thin films is significantly influenced by the surface polarity of the substrate material, but also the incorporation of the organic compound into the perovskite framework. Based on these studies, a selection guide for suitable substrate materials for efficient co-evaporated perovskite thin films is derived. This selection guide points out that the organic vacuum-processable hole transport material 2,2″,7,7″-tet ra(N,N-di-p-tolyl)amino-9,9-spirobifluorene is an ideal candidate for the fabrication of efficient all-evaporated perovskite solar cells, demonstrating PCEs above 19%. Furthermore, building on the insights into the formation of the perovskite thin films on different substrate materials, a basic crystallization model for co-evaporated perovskite thin films is suggested.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Groundwork to Efficient Solar Cells: On the Importance of the Substrate Material in Co‐Evaporated Perovskite Solar Cells

Abzieher

Feeney

Schackmar

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Similarly, few studies devoted to thermally evaporated all inorganic perovskites such as CsPbBr 3 [101,102] or mixed halide CsPb(I,Br) 3 [103][104][105][106] exist. These devices exhibit a significantly lower performance than comparable solution-processed devices, most likely due to the inability to enhance their efficiency by metal doping or additives.…”

Section: Photovoltaic Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Future of Perovskite Photovoltaics—Thermal Evaporation or Solution Processing?

Vaynzof

2020

Advanced Energy Materials

162

148

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single solution, which is deposited onto the substrate, following by a thermal annealing step. [6,7] While this approach is very simple and is still relatively common for certain perovskite compositions, [8,9] the perovskite precursors maybe undergo various chemical reactions in solution, which will influence both the resulting film and the performance of photovoltaic devices. [10] An alternative approach, especially popular in the early days of perovskite research, is the two-step approach, in which one of the precursors is deposited first, followed by the deposition of a second precursor and thermal annealing. [11] Most commonly, the first precursor (e.g., lead iodide, PbI 2) is deposited by spin-coating, while the second one (e.g., methylammonium iodide, MAI) can be deposited by dipping the sample into a solution, [12] or by spin-coating on top of the first layer. [13] For a time, devices fabricated using the two-step method showed higher performance than those made using the one-step, [14] but the situation drastically changed upon the introduction of the solvent engineering approach, [15] which remains the most commonly used to date. This method is a modification of the one-step approach, with all perovskite precursors deposited in a single step, during which an antisolvent is applied triggering the crystallization of the perovskite film. [16] Similarly, several variations of deposition of perovskite layers by thermal evaporation have also been demonstrated. These include the single-source evaporation, sequential evaporation and multiple source coevaporation (Figure 1). Single-source evaporation is possible either via combining the perovskite precursors into a single crucible [17] or by first preparing (e.g., via solution-processing) perovskite crystals that are ground into a powder for evaporation. [18] Sequential evaporation follows a similar approach to that of the two-step solution-processed deposition, with each precursor evaporated separately, following by a thermal or vapor annealing. [19] The most common approach, however, is based on the multisource evaporation, in which each precursor is loaded into a separate crucible and is coevaporated along with all other precursors to form the perovskite layer. Importantly, unlike solution-processed perovskite films, it is possible to form crystalline perovskite layers by thermal evaporation without annealing; [20] however, many studies still rely on annealing for improving the evaporated films' properties. [21,22] It is noteworthy that many additional methods for the deposition of perovskite films exist such as inkjet printing, [23] spray coating, [24] chemical vapor deposition, [25] flash evaporation, [26] and many others; [27] however, these methods are less common in literature and generally show lower performance than those fabricated by the methods outlined above. The last decade has seen remarkable advancements in the field of perovskite materials and photovoltaic technologies. One of their most extraordinary characteristics is the high quality of layer...

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“…It should be noted that the presence of impurities in the PbI 2 ‐rich and CsBr‐rich films severely affects the lifetime of the films and subsequently contributes in hindering the PV performance of the device. Park et al [ 103 ] described the fabrication of CsPbI 2 Br thin films using dual‐source thermal evaporation of CsBr and PbI 2 . Figure 8c shows the preparation process for the perovskite CsPbI 2 Br layers.…”

Section: Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

All‐Inorganic CsPbI₂Br Perovskite Solar Cells: Recent Developments and Challenges

et al. 2021

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In the past decade, organic–inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received gigantic research attention owing to their prompt development in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from the initial 3.8% for the first prototype in 2009 to the present state‐of‐the‐art value of 25.5%. However, due to the weak‐bonded organic components in the hybrid crystal structure, the intrinsic chemical instability of OIHPs persuaded by humidity, ultraviolet light, and heat remain a challenging issue for them to meet industrialization‐specific requirements. Parallel to the flourishing of OIHPs, the progress of inorganic cesium‐based metal halide PSCs (CsPbX3, X = I, Br, and mixed) is hastening with PCEs over 20%. Due to its excellent stability under thermal and high humidity conditions, CsPbI2Br is one of the most fascinating inorganic perovskites and a notable research hotspot in the field of perovskite photovoltaics (PV). Herein, recent developments of CsPbI2Br‐based PSCs including the optoelectronic properties, processing methods for preparing CsPbI2Br films, stability of devices, and efficiency improvements are reviewed and deliberated. Finally, cutting‐edge engineering approaches for optimizing the PV performance are discussed and new challenges and perspectives for future research in this field are recognized.

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All-Inorganic Perovskite CsPbI2Br Through Co-evaporation for Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

From Groundwork to Efficient Solar Cells: On the Importance of the Substrate Material in Co‐Evaporated Perovskite Solar Cells

From Groundwork to Efficient Solar Cells: On the Importance of the Substrate Material in Co‐Evaporated Perovskite Solar Cells

The Future of Perovskite Photovoltaics—Thermal Evaporation or Solution Processing?

All‐Inorganic CsPbI₂Br Perovskite Solar Cells: Recent Developments and Challenges

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All-Inorganic Perovskite CsPbI2Br Through Co-evaporation for Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

From Groundwork to Efficient Solar Cells: On the Importance of the Substrate Material in Co‐Evaporated Perovskite Solar Cells

From Groundwork to Efficient Solar Cells: On the Importance of the Substrate Material in Co‐Evaporated Perovskite Solar Cells

The Future of Perovskite Photovoltaics—Thermal Evaporation or Solution Processing?

All‐Inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells: Recent Developments and Challenges

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All‐Inorganic CsPbI₂Br Perovskite Solar Cells: Recent Developments and Challenges