All-India monthly and seasonal rainfall series: 1871?1993

Parthasarathy, Balaji; Munot, A. A.; Kothawale, D. R.

doi:10.1007/bf00867461

Cited by 727 publications

(476 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…To keep the uniformity with the results of KK, we have used the same summer monsoon seasonal (June to September) rainfall data of Parthasarathy et al [1994], which are available from the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India. For this analysis, we have used the monthly NOAA Extended Reconstructed SST (ERSST.V2) data set [Smith and Reynolds, 2004], which is available at 2°Â 2°degree resolution from the site http:// www.cdc.noaa.gov/.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

On the El Niño‐Indian monsoon predictive relationships

Rajeevan

Pai

2007

Geophysical Research Letters

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Most of the severe droughts over India are associated with El Niño. However, only less than half of El Niño events are associated with deficient rainfall over India. In other El Niño years, Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) was either normal or excess. A recent study suggested that the El Niño events with the warmest SST anomalies in the central Pacific are more effective in focusing drought producing subsidence over India than events with the warmest SST anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific. They have further suggested that the incorporation of additional information on the spatial distribution of SST anomalies over the equatorial Pacific Ocean in the statistical models should improve monsoon forecast skill. The present study explores this hypothesis on the skill of monsoon forecasts by analyzing SST data for the period 1880–2004. The present study reveals that incorporation of information on the spatial pattern of SST anomalies (by incorporating the Trans Niño Index) does not improve the association between El Niño and Indian monsoon rainfall. Simply using the SST index over the central Pacific (Niño‐3.4) may be a better indicator for the association than the Combined Niño Index derived from Niño‐3 and Trans Niño Index (TNI).

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

On the El Niño‐Indian monsoon predictive relationships

Rajeevan

Pai

2007

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Additionally, the all-India monsoon (June-September) rainfall (AIMR) series for 1922-98 is also used. The gauge-based AIMR was prepared by the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (Parthasarathy et al, 1987;Parthasarathy et al, 1994).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Eurasian spring snow cover on Asian summer rainfall

Liu

Yanai

2002

Intl Journal of Climatology

128

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The Eurasian snow cover anomaly in spring has been considered as one of the important factors affecting Asian summer monsoon variability. Using the long time series of Eurasian spring (March-April) snow cover (ESSC) reconstructed by Brown (2000. Journal of Climate 13: 2339) and snow cover (1973-98) and depth (1979-87) data from satellite observation, the influences of ESSC on the all-India monsoon (June-September) rainfall (AIMR) and the summer rainfall over all parts of Asia are examined. It is found that the statistical relation between AIMR and ESSC changes over a multi-decadal time scale. The negative correlation between them has increased markedly since the mid 1970s. The region where the summer rainfall has the strongest and most stable negative correlation with the preceding ESSC is located in northern Mongolia, south of Lake Baikal. The correlation between the summer rainfall and ESSC increases after the data are treated with a low-pass filter, showing that the impact of snow cover may be seen more clearly with the removal of the effect of El Niño-southern oscillation. Comparative analyses for contrasting years with excessive and deficient snow cover show that the anomalies of ESSC occur mainly in northwestern Eurasia. In the years of excessive ESSC anomalies, cooling and a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the lower troposphere appear over the northern part of Eurasia, leading to a Rossby-wave-train-like circulation response, then a weakened East Asia summer monsoon and deficient rainfall with an anticyclonic circulation anomaly south of Lake Baikal. Anomalies with opposite signs occur in the years of deficient snow cover.

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“…The reanalysis data sets produced at NCEP have a horizontal resolution of 2.5°on a regular latitude/longitude grid. The surplus and deficient monsoon years characterized in this study are based on allIndia summer monsoon seasonal rainfall (Parthasarathy et al, 1994). The departure of the rainfall by more (less) than 10% from the long-term mean is considered as being a surplus (deficient) monsoon year.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The contrasting features of Asian summer monsoon during surplus and deficient rainfall over India

Raju

Mohanty

Rao

et al. 2002

Intl Journal of Climatology

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An endeavour is made to distinguish the mean summer monsoon features during surplus and deficient monsoon seasons. Based on all-India summer monsoon rainfall, over 42 years , seven surplus and ten deficient monsoon seasons are identified. Making use of daily averaged (00 Z and 12 Z) reanalysis data sets from the National Center for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research for the corresponding surplus and deficient monsoon seasons, the mean circulation characteristics and large-scale energetics are examined.The circulation features denote that the cross equatorial flow, low-level jet and tropical easterly jet are stronger during a surplus monsoon. Further, strong Tibetan anticyclonic flow characterizes a surplus monsoon. The large-scale balances of kinetic energy, heat and moisture show a significantly large quantity of diabatic heating, adiabatic generation of kinetic energy, and horizontal convergence of heat and moisture during the surplus monsoon season compared with the deficient state. The regions with statistically significant difference between surplus and deficient monsoon seasons are delineated by a Student's t-test at the 95% confidence level. The remarkable aspect noticed in this study is that the Arabian Sea branch of the monsoon circulation is more vigorous during a surplus monsoon season, whereas the eastern Bay of Bengal branch is stronger during a deficient monsoon. The various large-scale budget terms of kinetic energy, heat and moisture are found to be consistent and in agreement with the seasonal monsoon activity over India.

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All-India monthly and seasonal rainfall series: 1871?1993

Cited by 727 publications

References 21 publications

On the El Niño‐Indian monsoon predictive relationships

On the El Niño‐Indian monsoon predictive relationships

Influence of Eurasian spring snow cover on Asian summer rainfall

The contrasting features of Asian summer monsoon during surplus and deficient rainfall over India

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