All-in-one approaches for triple-negative breast cancer therapy: metal-phenolic nanoplatform for MR imaging-guided combinational therapy

Abstract

Background Conventional chemotherapy has poor efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) which is highly heterogeneous and aggressive. Imaging-guided therapy is usually combined with diverse treatment modalities, could realize the integration of diagnosis and treatments. Therefore, the primary challenge for combinational therapy is designing proper delivery systems to accomplish multiple synergistic effects. Results Herein, a facile nanoplatform was manufactured to fulfill the all-in-one approaches for TNBC combinational therapy. Fe3+-based metal-phenolic networks (MPNs) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) modification served as drug delivery carriers to encapsulate bleomycin (BLM), forming BFE@BSA NPs. The self-assembly mechanism, pH-responsive drug release behavior, and other physicochemical properties of this system were characterized. The potential of BFE@BSA NPs as photothermal transduction agents and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents was explored. The synergistic anti-tumor effects consisting of BLM-induced chemotherapy, Fenton reactions-mediated chemodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy-induced apoptosis were studied both in vitro and in vivo. Once internalized into tumor cells, released BLM could cause DNA damage, while Fenton reactions were initiated to produce highly toxic •OH. Upon laser irradiation, BFE@BSA NPs could convert light into heat to achieve synergistic effects. After intravenous administration, BFE@BSA NPs exhibited great therapeutic effects in 4T1 tumor xenograft model. Moreover, as T1-weighted MRI contrast agents, BFE@BSA NPs could provide diagnosis and treatment monitoring for individualized precise therapy. Conclusions A nano-system that integrated imaging and combinational therapy (chemotherapy, chemodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy) were developed to kill the tumor and monitor therapeutic efficacy. This strategy provided an all-in-one theranostic nanoplatform for MRI-guided combinational therapy against TNBC. Graphical Abstract

Innovative nanotheranostics: Smart nanoparticles based approach to overcome breast cancer stem cells mediated chemo‐ and radioresistances

“…The all‐in‐one, theranostic formulation approach is the new trend that can combine almost all the theranostic‐based treatment approaches with chemotherapy and perform tumor microenvironment modulation with simultaneous imaging while in action (Xie et al, 2022). Zhao et al have developed a doxorubicin‐loaded, manganese dioxide conjugated, mesoporous silica‐coated bismuth nanoparticles (NPs) composites that show chemotherapy‐based tumor killing by doxorubicin, PTT‐based killing by bismuth NPs, and CDT based tumor removal by the MNO 2 present in the formulation.…”

Composite Nanoplatforms Based on Nanocalcium Peroxide for Cancer Treatment: From Monotherapy to Combination Therapy

“…However, the efficacy of single therapy remains limited, thus necessitating the use of various methods in combination to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of tumor treatment and improve the cure rate of cancer. [ 100 ] Currently, chemotherapy and CDT are the primary treatment methods, and PDT, acoustic dynamics, IIT, and other auxiliary treatments have been used in combination therapy. Combination therapy, which combines two or more treatments, has garnered increasing attention due to its superior efficacy to monotherapy.…”

Chemodynamic/Photothermal Synergistic Cancer Immunotherapy Based on Yeast Microcapsule-Derived Au/Pt Nanoparticles

“…Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an emerging therapeutic options that utilizes a Fenton-like reaction to kill tumor cells through endogenous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the TME. − An increased production of ROS not only destroys mitochondria and nuclei but also activates apoptotic pathways in tumor cells . In addition, studies have also shown that CDT combined with other treatments such as photothermal therapy (PTT) can significantly improve the effect and sensitivity of tumor treatment. − PTT can also directly kill tumor cells by increasing the temperature of the tumor site, promote the release of tumor-associated antigens from the tumor in situ, and activate the immune response. Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are reported to be nanoparticles with excellent properties and are widely used in mediating CDT and PTT. − Hence, it is essential to construct a co-delivery system containing nanoenzymes and immune adjuvants to combine CDT, PTT, and immunotherapy to exert antitumor effects. , Together with the yeast microcapsules described above, this encourages the innovative modification of formulations from a microbial perspective by means of biosynthesis. ,− …”