Alkylation of isobutene with 2-butene using composite ionic liquid catalysts

Liu, Ying; Hu, Ruisheng; Chen, Xu; Su, Haiquan

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2008.05.024

Cited by 89 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The amount of isooctanes (C 8 alkanes) in the alkylate was approximately 60 wt%, and the TMP-to-DMH ratio ranged from 4 to 6 (entries 1 and 2). These results are similar to those obtained from a typical commercial plant (Corma and Martinez, 1993) but they are much lower than those of composite CILs (Liu et al, 2008) and inhibited aluminum chloride catalysts (Roebuck and Evering, 1970).…”

Section: Effect Of the Copper-containing Il Additivessupporting

confidence: 92%

Isobutane/2-Butene Alkylation Catalyzed by Strong Acids in the Presence of Ionic Liquid Additives

Cong

Liu

2014

Petroleum Science and Technology

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Isobutane/2-butene alkylation catalyzed by binary mixtures of acidic ionic liquids (ILs) and strong acids (sulfuric acid or H 2 SO 4 and triflic acid or CF 3 SO 3 H) was investigated. The catalytic performances of H 2 SO 4 and CF 3 SO 3 H were considerably improved when ILs were added. Using [Emim][OTf]-CuCl/H 2 SO 4 as the catalyst, an alkylate with a high content of the desired trimethylpentane (up to 79.6 wt%) and a high research octane number (up to 99.1) was obtained. The results of electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry indicated that the better distributions of the products obtained with the IL/acid mixtures were due to the Cu-containing anions and cations of the ILs.

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Section: Effect Of the Copper-containing Il Additivessupporting

confidence: 92%

Isobutane/2-Butene Alkylation Catalyzed by Strong Acids in the Presence of Ionic Liquid Additives

Cong

Liu

2014

Petroleum Science and Technology

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“…Similiar results for ionic liquid-catalyzed isobutane butene alkylation were published by Liu et al [14].…”

Section: Solubility Of Iso-paraffins and 2-olefins In Chloroaluminatementioning

confidence: 55%

“…Some attempts to regenerate the solid catalysts using hydrogen are reported, but the initial activity can not be restored completely during the regeneration process [8,9]. Other alternatives described in literature are highly Brønsted acidic ionic liquids, which are prepared by mixing of Lewis acidic ionic liquids with Brønsted acids in order to provide the catalytic active species [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Furthermore, ionic liquid systems are described in which a strong Brønsted acid is dissolved [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Liquid-Phase Isobutane/Butene-Alkylation Using Promoted Lewis-Acidic IL-Catalysts

et al. 2011

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The effect of different promoters on activity and selectivity of Lewis-acidic chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalysts was studied for isobutane/2-butene alkylation. When tert-butyl halides are used as promoters, the active species of the alkylation reaction, which is the tertbutyl cation, is directly generated whereas upon catalysis with Brønsted-acid supported ionic liquids, this species is indirectly provided through a hydride shift between protonated 2-butene and isobutane. Experimental results both from batch and continuously operated liquid phase alkylation reactors indicate, that tert-butyl halides are able to speed up the reaction rate significantly and shift the C 8 -selectivity towards the desired high-octane trimethylpentanes (TMPs). However, secondary reactions like oligomerization and cracking could not be suppressed by the use of this additives and high deactivation rates in continuous opperation were observed. Suggestions are made, how the product composition is effected by the additive and how the promoted IL-catalyst system is deactivated with time on stream.

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“…This process is of particular importance as PetroChina has introduced a commercial alkylation process based on a composite catalyst system consisting of an acidic chloroaluminate IL and copper chloride. The addition of copper chloride led to higher selectivities to octanes and to a higher trimethylpentanes/dimethylhexanes ratio [42,43]. In 2006, this process replaced an existing 65,000 t a -1 sulfuric acid alkylation plant in China [44] and is said to actually produce 100,000 t a -1 of alkylates using an ammonium saltbased catalyst system [45].…”

Section: Liquid-ionic Liquid Biphasic Catalysis Usingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids in Catalysis

2014

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Ionic liquids (ILs), salts with melting points below 100°C, represent a fascinating class of liquid materials typically characterized by an extremely low vapor pressure. Besides their application as new solvents or as electrolytes for electrochemical purposes, there are two important concepts of using ILs in catalysis: Liquid-liquid biphasic catalysis and IL thin film catalysis. Liquid-liquid biphasic catalysis enables either a very efficient manner to apply catalytic ILs, e.g. in Friedel-Crafts reactions, or to apply ionic transition metal catalyst solutions. In both cases, phase separation after reaction allows an easy separation of reaction products and catalyst re-use. One problem of liquidliquid biphasic catalysis is mass transfer limitation. If the chemical reaction is much faster than the liquid-liquid mass transfer the latter limits the overall reaction rate. This problem is overcome in IL thin film catalysis where diffusion pathways and thus the characteristic time of diffusion are short. Here, Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) and Solid Catalyst with Ionic Liquid Layer (SCILL) are the two most important concepts. In both, a high surface area solid substrate is covered with a thin IL film, which contains either a homogeneously dissolved transition metal complex for SILP, or which modifies catalytically active surface sites at the support for SCILL. In each concept, interface phenomena play a very important role: These may concern the interface of an IL phase with an organic phase in the case of liquidliquid biphasic catalysis. For IL thin film catalysis, the interfaces of the IL with the gas phase and with catalytic nanoparticles and/or support materials are of critical importance. It has recently been demonstrated that these interfaces and also the bulk of ILs can be investigated in great detail using surface science studies, which greatly contributed to the fundamental understanding of the catalytic properties of ILs and supported IL materials. Exemplary results concerning the IL/vacuum or IL/gas interface, the solubility and surface enrichment of dissolved metal complexes, the IL/support interface and the in situ monitoring of chemical reactions in ILs are presented.

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Alkylation of isobutene with 2-butene using composite ionic liquid catalysts

Cited by 89 publications

References 17 publications

Isobutane/2-Butene Alkylation Catalyzed by Strong Acids in the Presence of Ionic Liquid Additives

Isobutane/2-Butene Alkylation Catalyzed by Strong Acids in the Presence of Ionic Liquid Additives

Liquid-Phase Isobutane/Butene-Alkylation Using Promoted Lewis-Acidic IL-Catalysts

Ionic Liquids in Catalysis

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