Alkyl Ethoxylated and Alkylphenol Ethoxylated Nonionic Surfactants: Interaction with Bioactive Compounds and Biological Effects

Cserháti, Tibor

doi:10.1289/ehp.95103358

Cited by 58 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Similar conclusions were also reported by Warne and Schifko [7] for 30 laundry detergent components. These authors along with Cserháti [8] confirmed that non-ionic surfactants are more toxic than the anionic surfactants. The European Community Environmental Legislation classifies the toxicity of chemicals on the basis of LC 50 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Toxicity of nonionic surfactants

Jahan

Balzer

Mosto

2008

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Nonionic surfactants are amphilic chemicals that enhance desorption and bioavailability by increasing solubility and dispersion of poorly soluble hydrocarbons and oils. This study was conducted to determine the toxicity of commercial nonionic surfactants by using the Microtox ® Acute Toxicity test which is a rapid, simple test for toxicity. The test uses the luminescent bacterium V. fischeri as the test organism. Five common commercial nonionic surfactants Tergitol NP-10, Triton X-100, Igepal 630, Brij 35 and Tween 40 were used in the study. Light readings were taken initially as well as at 0 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes to see how the toxicity of each surfactant changed with time. Experiments were conducted to determine the five-minute EC 50 values. EC 50 is the effective concentration that causes a 50% decrease in light output in a 5-minute exposure period. A higher effective concentration is interpreted as a lower toxicity. The critical toxic concentration (CTC) was also determined. Toxicity of the surfactants varied according to their difference in chemical structures and branching. EC 50 values were less than the CTC and CMC values of all select surfactants. Higher toxicity was shown by surfactant solutions that contained a benzene ring in comparison to the others.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Toxicity of nonionic surfactants

Jahan

Balzer

Mosto

2008

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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“…Nonionic surfactants are widely used as emulsifiers, wetting agents, and foam stabilisation agents. They are also successfully used in various biotechnological processes, and to facilitate solubilisation and increase drug carrier stability (25). Nonionic surfactants make part of most pesticide formulations (26).…”

Section: Nonionic Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such binding increases the permeability of membranes and vesicles, causing leakage of low molecular mass compounds. This can result in cell death or damage through loss of ions or amino acids (25).…”

Section: Ecotoxicity Of Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactants in the Environment

2017

Emerging Pollutants

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“…The subcutaneous fat and other extraneous tissues were removed with a scalpel [11]. Full thickness skin sections were prepared, rinsed with distilled water, wrapped in aluminum foil and stored at -50 o C (ultra-low temperature freezer, Sanyo, Japan) until used [7].…”

Section: Preparation Of Rabbit Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, polysorbate 20 and 80 also induce alteration in the physicochemical properties of biomembranes, specifically, increase in the permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%