Alkaloids Derived From Ornithine: Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids

Wiedenfeld, Helmut

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-22144-6_9

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…This applies to PAs with a 1,2-unsaturated necine base that is further esterified with at least one branched C 5 -carboxylic acid [1,10,53,60]. The corresponding PA- N -oxides are less toxic [6,7]. Our study has shown that senecionine- N -oxide (ScN), seneciphylline- N oxide (SpN) and retrorsine- N -oxide (ReN) were the dominating PAs in S. vulgaris during ontogeny in different seasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until recently, 700 plant species are indicated to be able to form PAs [5]. Currently, more than 500 different PAs are known [6]. Various PAs can cause hepatotoxicity (veno-occlusive disease) in animals and humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various PAs can cause hepatotoxicity (veno-occlusive disease) in animals and humans. Particularly, 1,2-unsaturated PAs are of great concern [6,7]. It has been shown that specific PAs could also act as genotoxic carcinogens, causing cancer in rodents [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Nine Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Senecio vulgaris L. Depending on Developmental Stage and Season

Flade

Beschow

Wensch-Dorendorf

et al. 2019

Plants

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The contamination of phytopharmaceuticals and herbal teas with toxic plants is an increasing problem. Senecio vulgaris L. is a particularly noxious weed in agricultural and horticultural crops due to its content of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). Since some of these compounds are carcinogenic, the distribution of this plant should be monitored. The amount of PAs in S. vulgaris is affected by various factors. Therefore, we investigated the occurrence of PAs depending on the developmental stage and season. A systematic study using field-plot experiments (four seasons, five developmental stages of the plants: S1 to S5) was performed and the PA concentration was determined via LC-MS/MS analysis. The total amount of PAs in the plant increased with the plant development, however, the total PA concentrations in µg/g dry matter remained nearly unchanged, whilst trends for specific PAs were observed. The concentrations of PA-N-oxides (PANOs) were much higher than that of tertiary PAs. Maximal amounts of the PA total were 54.16 ± 4.38 mg/plant (spring, S5). The total amount of PAs increased strongly until later developmental stages. Therefore, even small numbers of S. vulgaris may become sufficient for relevant contaminations set out by the maximal permitted daily intake levels recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Nine Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Senecio vulgaris L. Depending on Developmental Stage and Season

Flade

Beschow

Wensch-Dorendorf

et al. 2019

Plants

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“…PAs and PA N-oxides have been identified from more than 6 000 plants (Wiedenfeld, 2013;. PAs are a class of heterocyclic chemicals, and most PAs are derived from esters of basic alcohols, known as the necine bases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel strategies for risk assessment of pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Chen¹

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“…Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are plant secondary metabolites Mattocks 1986) naturally occurring in several food items (EFSA 2011;Wiedenfeld 2011). To date, more than 660 PAs and PA N-oxides have been identified from more than 6 000 plants (Wiedenfeld 2013;. PAs are a class of heterocyclic chemicals, and most PAs are derived from esters of basic alcohols, known as the necine bases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative testing strategy to quantify inter-species, inter-ethnic, and inter-individual variation in bioactivation and toxicity of food-borne alkenylbenzenes and pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Ning¹

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China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) (2006) Regulation on production of herbal tea products China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) (2013a) List of herbs allowed for health food products (in Chinese) China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) (2013b) List of dietary herbs (in Chinese) China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) (2016) Detailed rules for the examination and approval of health food registration (in Chinese)

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Alkaloids Derived From Ornithine: Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids

Cited by 9 publications

References 79 publications

Occurrence of Nine Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Senecio vulgaris L. Depending on Developmental Stage and Season

Occurrence of Nine Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Senecio vulgaris L. Depending on Developmental Stage and Season

Novel strategies for risk assessment of pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Alternative testing strategy to quantify inter-species, inter-ethnic, and inter-individual variation in bioactivation and toxicity of food-borne alkenylbenzenes and pyrrolizidine alkaloids

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