Alkaline-surfactant-polymer formulation development for a HTHS carbonate reservoir

Updated Perceptions on Polymer-Based Enhanced Oil Recovery toward High-Temperature High-Salinity Tolerance for Successful Field Applications in Carbonate Reservoirs

“…Abalkhail et al [ 181 ] created an ASP formulation for a high temperature (100 C) and high salinity (60,000 ppm) large carbonate reservoir with minimal surfactant retention, which is a critical criterion for cheap chemical cost. To find chemical formulations with ultra-low IFT under reservoir circumstances, phase behavior tests were undertaken with anionic surfactants, alkali, co-solvents, brine, and crude oil.…”

“…To find chemical formulations with ultra-low IFT under reservoir circumstances, phase behavior tests were undertaken with anionic surfactants, alkali, co-solvents, brine, and crude oil. In phase behavior studies with surfactant formulations numbered PB-00 to PB-10 [ 181 ], NaOH was employed as the alkali in several phase behavior experiments. In addition, the alkali in formulations PB-12 and PB-13 was DIPA-10EO (a novel organic alkali ethoxylated diisopropylamine).…”

“…In four coreflood trials, the best two formulations (PB-12 and PB-13) were used. As illustrated in Figure 10 , the maximum recovery from core floods in carbonate reservoir cores resulted in 93.6% tertiary oil recovery, 0.012 final oil saturation, and 0.083 mg/g-rock surfactant retention [ 181 ].…”

Study of a Novel Carboxylic Cellulose Nanofibrils‐Ethoxylated Phytosterol‐Alcohol Environmentally Friendly System on the Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery

“…After the primary (natural flowing) and second recovery (water flooding), only a limited amount of crude oil is extracted from the formation for most oilfields in the world (Gandomkar and Rahimpour, 2015; Lian et al, 2021; Thomas, 2008). Thus, many enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods, including chemical and thermal approaches, have been developed to achieve an oil recovery as high as possible (Abalkhail et al, 2020; Alvarado and Manrique, 2010; Saxena et al, 2019; Zeng et al, 2020). In chemical‐EOR (c‐EOR), surfactant‐polymer (SP) flooding exhibits the obvious synergistic effects between the mobility control capability of polymer and the high displacement efficiency of surfactants to greatly enhance oil production (Mostafa and Ayatollahi, 2016; Olajire, 2014; Pillai et al, 2017).…”

“…Furthermore, the degraded arcylamine monomers from HPAM are harmful to the environment, and most chemical modification methods aiming to improve the performance of HPAM would introduce environmentally hazardous groups (Wei et al, 2014a, b). Other non‐bio chemicals, such as phenol hydrophobe‐based non‐ionic surfactants, branched alkyl propoxy sulfates, internal olefin sulfonates, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, were also used for viscous oil recovery (Abalkhail et al, 2020; Aitkulov and Mohanty, 2019; Panthi et al, 2020). With the increasing concerns on environmental protection, many researchers pay considerable attention to bio‐polymer with eco‐friendliness and superior tolerance to harsh conditions than synthetic polymers (Bourdarot and Ghedan, 2011; Ghoumrassi‐Barr and Aliouche, 2015, 2016; Pu et al, 2018).…”