Alkaline phosphatase gene sequence characteristics and transcriptional regulation by phosphate limitation in Karenia brevis (Dinophyceae)

Effects of phosphorus deficiency and adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) on growth and cell cycle of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense

“…The culture medium was prepared from the filtered (0.22 mm) and autoclaved oceanic water collected from South China Sea, in which DIP (more accurately, soluble reactive phosphorus) was below detection limit (0.01 mM) of Phosphomolybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method (Parsons, 1984) Samples were collected from each culture daily for monitoring population growth, cell size, and DIP concentration in the cultures. Cell concentration was determined microscopically using a Sedgewick-Rafter counting chamber (Lin et al, 2012). The average cell size was determined as equivalent spherical diameter using Z2-Coulter 1 Particle Counter (Beckman Coulter), with a particle size range of 7-15 mm.…”

“…The most important source of DOP is phosphomonoesters, which need to be hydrolyzed to release phosphate for cells to take up by the action of alkaline phosphatase (for review see Lin et al, 2015). Uptake of ATP and other DOP compounds such as RNA and glucose-6-phosphate has been shown to maintain the growth and other physiological activities in phytoplankton during DIP deficiency (Dyhrman and Palenik, 1997;Flynn et al, 1986;Lin et al, 2012;Xu et al, 2006). It would be expected that hydrolysis and subsequent transport of the DOP-derived phosphate (or transport of DOP followed by intracellular hydrolysis) would cost energy, and hence would only partially restore growth of a phytoplankton population experiencing DIP deficiency.…”

Relationship of proteomic variation and toxin synthesis in the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense CI01 under phosphorus and inorganic nitrogen limitation

“…They also found alkaline phosphatase located at different subcellular sites in different dinoflagellate species, and this might be explained by alkaline phosphatase sequence diversity. These preliminary findings provide a promising direction for the further study of phosphorous and growth of dinoflagellates (Lin 2011;Lin et al 2012). …”

Alkaline phosphatase activity at the southwest coast of India: A comparison of locations differently affected by upwelling

“…Activity measurement was also in agreement with the pertinent number and type of prominent APA producing phytoplankton distribution. Different types of phytoplankton (diatom versus dinoflagellates) or even different species within the same type may respond to P availability differently with respect to APA (Lin et al, 2011(Lin et al, , 2012.…”