Alkaline Phosphatase and Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes in the Cat

Hoffman, W. E.; Renegar, Wayne E.; Dorner, Joseph L.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-165x.1977.tb00772.x

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In mammals, most ALP isoenzymes are quickly cleared from the plasma by the liver through excretion in the bile. Although smaller amounts of isoenzymes may be cleared by the kidney, this route is less important (Hoffman et al 1977). Studies of intravenously injected isoenzymes in cats have shown that the half lives of intestinal and hepatic isoenzymes are 2 min and 5.8h respectively (Hoffman et al 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although smaller amounts of isoenzymes may be cleared by the kidney, this route is less important (Hoffman et al 1977). Studies of intravenously injected isoenzymes in cats have shown that the half lives of intestinal and hepatic isoenzymes are 2 min and 5.8h respectively (Hoffman et al 1977). While ALP isoenzymes are removed quickly, any failure by the liver to clear the mixture of isoenzymes would elevate serum levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme activity in tissues and plasma of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) before and during smoltification and gonadal maturation

Johnston

Horney

Deluca

et al. 1994

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Changes in tissue and plasma isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were qualitatively and quantitatively determined for male and female Atlantic salmon parr, silvery parr, smolt, immature grilse, prespawning grilse and postspawning grilse using cellulose acetate electrophoresis, densitometry and spectrophotometry. Tissue ALP isoenzymes were isolated from intestine, kidney, bone, liver, and gonad and compared to plasma isoenzymes. Parr plasma displayed three isoenzymes from bone and liver (slow and fast). During smoltification, ALP activity increased in tissue extracts from liver, gonad, and kidney of males and females. Total plasma ALP activity also increased and was due to slow and fast liver isoenzymes. During ovarian development, total ALP plasma activity increased in females and was due mostly to liver isoenzymes and an incompletely identified isoenzyme or isoenzyme mixture (band 2). However, in males total ALP plasma activity did not increase during maturation and no band 2 was evident. In male and female maturing adult grilse, bone ALP activity declined and the isoenzyme band evident in parr plasma could not be detected. ALP activity declined in the plasma of postspawning males and females. In females this was due partly to the total clearance of band 2 from the plasma, together with lowered levels of liver isoenzymes. Treatment of postspawned grilse in February and March with triiodothyronine and thyroxine elevated plasma thyroid hormone levels and increased plasma ALP levels. In conclusion, plasma ALP isoenzyme activities change with physiological state, and knowledge of the conditions governing these changes is important when using these enzymes as a diagnostic tool.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme activity in tissues and plasma of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) before and during smoltification and gonadal maturation

Johnston

Horney

Deluca

et al. 1994

Fish Physiol Biochem

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“…For serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, a clinically relevant increase was defined for dogs as $2 times the upper reference interval; for cats, any ALP activity above the upper reference interval was considered abnormal. This arbitrary definition was based upon the higher specificity of ALP and its relatively short half-life in cats versus dogs, 19,20 which make even small increases in ALP clinically relevants in cats.…”

Section: Clinicopathologic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Culture Results From Liver, Gallbladder, or Bile in 248 Dogs and Cats Evaluated for Hepatobiliary Disease: 1998–2003

2007

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Biliary cultures yielded a significantly higher percentage of positive results overall (30% [18 of 60]) than did hepatic cultures (7% [15 of 215]). In patients with cholecystitis, 62% (8 of 13) had positive biliary cultures. In patients with hepatic inflammation, 23% (7 of 30) had positive bile cultures, whereas only 6% (6 of 103) had positive hepatic cultures. Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Bacteroides spp., Streptococcus spp., and Clostridium spp. were the most common true-positive isolates. More than 80% of Enterobacteriaceae were susceptible to ciprofloxacin or aminoglycosides, with only 30-67% susceptible to first-generation aminopenicillins and cephalosporins. Liver samples obtained by surgery or laparoscopy were more likely to yield positive cultures than those obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy.

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“…The activity of the hepatic isoenzyme of ap may be increased in dogs, but dogs also possess a specific isoenzyme of AP that is induced by glucocorticoids (Dorner and others 1974), and this isoenzyme is responsible for much of the increase in ap that occurs in dogs. It has been suggested that cats do not have a steroid-induced isoenzyme of ap (Hoffman and others 1977), and this suggestion is supported by the fact that the mean ap activity of these cats decreased. The reason for this decrease is not clear, but similar decreases have been recorded previously (Hoffman and others 1977, Scott and others 1979, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…It has been suggested that cats do not have a steroid-induced isoenzyme of ap (Hoffman and others 1977), and this suggestion is supported by the fact that the mean ap activity of these cats decreased. The reason for this decrease is not clear, but similar decreases have been recorded previously (Hoffman and others 1977, Scott and others 1979, 1982). Through their effects on dna , glucocorticoids can both upregulate and downregulate gene transcription; it is possible that the transcription of ap is negatively regulated in cats treated with glucocorticoids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Clinical, clinicopathological and histological changes observed in 14 cats treated with glucocorticoids

et al. 2008

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Fourteen cats were given immunosuppressive doses of either prednisolone (4.4 mg/kg/day) or dexamethasone (0.55 mg/kg/day) for 56 days. Complete blood counts, serum biochemistry profiles and urinalyses were performed on days 0 and 56, and liver biopsies were taken laparoscopically on day 56, because of evidence of hepatic disease on the serum biochemistry profiles. There were significant increases in the cats' mean white blood cell counts, neutrophil counts and monocyte counts, and significant decreases in their mean lymphocyte counts and eosinophil counts. There were consistent increases in the serum concentrations of albumin, glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. Glycogen deposition, consistent with a steroid hepatopathy, was present to varying degrees in all the liver biopsies. One of the cats developed adverse clinical signs including anorexia, icterus, pruritus and medial curling of the pinnae, some of which were suspected to be related to the glucocorticoid therapy.

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Alkaline Phosphatase and Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes in the Cat

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Changes in alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme activity in tissues and plasma of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) before and during smoltification and gonadal maturation

Changes in alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme activity in tissues and plasma of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) before and during smoltification and gonadal maturation

Bacterial Culture Results From Liver, Gallbladder, or Bile in 248 Dogs and Cats Evaluated for Hepatobiliary Disease: 1998–2003

Clinical, clinicopathological and histological changes observed in 14 cats treated with glucocorticoids

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