“…and A. niger respectively. Ramirez‐Tapiaz found soy peptone as the most effective nitrogen source for the production of pectinase from Streptomyces halstedii . Production of pectinase from B. pumilus (P9) was stimulated by (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and also stimulated the xyalnase production by Apergillus niger .…”
Simultaneous production of alkaline xylanase and all seven types of pectinases by a bacterial isolate, under solid-state fermentation was checked in this study. Under optimized conditions, high concurrent production of xylanase (22,800 ± 578 IU/g substrate) and pectinase (4,832 ± 189 IU/g substrate) was achieved. The different types of pectinases produced were exo-polymethylgalacturonase (782 IU/g), endo-polymethylgalacturonase (6.42 U/g), exo-polygalacturonase (2,250 IU/g), endo-polygalacturonase (11.57 U/g), polymethylgalacturonate lyase (53.99 IU/g), polygalacturonate lyase (59.78 IU/g), and pectin esterase (5.78 IU/g). Wheat bran resulted in the highest titer of both enzymes. The maximum xylanase-pectinase yield was detected after 7 days of incubation with 2 mM MgSO 4 and 1.5 g/L K 2 HPO 4 at wheat bran to moisture ratio 1:1.5 (w/v), media to flask volume ratio 1:25, pH 7.0, temperature 37 • C, and inoculum size 15%. Xylanase was most stable at pH 8.0, retained more than 75% activity up to 24 H, whereas pectinase was most stable at pH 9.0, having full activity even after 24 H. At 45 • C, the xylanase showed 82% residual activity after 6 H of incubation. The pectinase was 97% and 61% stable up to 3 H at 50 and 55 • C, respectively. This is the first report showing the production of xylanase-pectinases by bacterium along with high titer of seven types of pectinases, suitable for industries.
“…and A. niger respectively. Ramirez‐Tapiaz found soy peptone as the most effective nitrogen source for the production of pectinase from Streptomyces halstedii . Production of pectinase from B. pumilus (P9) was stimulated by (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and also stimulated the xyalnase production by Apergillus niger .…”
Simultaneous production of alkaline xylanase and all seven types of pectinases by a bacterial isolate, under solid-state fermentation was checked in this study. Under optimized conditions, high concurrent production of xylanase (22,800 ± 578 IU/g substrate) and pectinase (4,832 ± 189 IU/g substrate) was achieved. The different types of pectinases produced were exo-polymethylgalacturonase (782 IU/g), endo-polymethylgalacturonase (6.42 U/g), exo-polygalacturonase (2,250 IU/g), endo-polygalacturonase (11.57 U/g), polymethylgalacturonate lyase (53.99 IU/g), polygalacturonate lyase (59.78 IU/g), and pectin esterase (5.78 IU/g). Wheat bran resulted in the highest titer of both enzymes. The maximum xylanase-pectinase yield was detected after 7 days of incubation with 2 mM MgSO 4 and 1.5 g/L K 2 HPO 4 at wheat bran to moisture ratio 1:1.5 (w/v), media to flask volume ratio 1:25, pH 7.0, temperature 37 • C, and inoculum size 15%. Xylanase was most stable at pH 8.0, retained more than 75% activity up to 24 H, whereas pectinase was most stable at pH 9.0, having full activity even after 24 H. At 45 • C, the xylanase showed 82% residual activity after 6 H of incubation. The pectinase was 97% and 61% stable up to 3 H at 50 and 55 • C, respectively. This is the first report showing the production of xylanase-pectinases by bacterium along with high titer of seven types of pectinases, suitable for industries.
“…Erwinia species, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Micrococcus have a good potential to degrade pectin in the production of pectinase [20,56,78]. Other such as Streptomyces bacteria also has pectinolytic properties as reported by Ramirez-Tapias et al [82]. Bacillus licheniformis has been reported as pectinolytic bacteria that were isolated from the rotten vegetable.…”
The utilization of microbial pectinase in different industries has been increased in its world demand. The major sources of pectinase are microorganisms mainly bacteria, fungi and yeast. The utilization of low-cost agro-industrial wastes as substrates has been preferable in pectinase production. Pectinase production faced various parameters optimization constraints such as temperature, pH and production times which are the main factors in pectinase production. The pectinase enzyme is getting attention due to its several advantages; hence, it needs to be explored further to take its maximum advantage in different industries. This review discusses the pectin substance structure, substrate for pectinase production, factors influencing pectinase production, the industrial application of microbial pectinase and also discusses challenges and future opportunities of applying microbial pectinase in industry.
“…Chessen et al, 1980 reviewed that bacteria like Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Micrococcus isolated from retting fl ax, jute, sisal and coir, and Erwinia from coffee fruits have shown to possess the ability to degrade pectin by producing pectinolytic enzymes (Chesson, 1980). Other bacterial genera reported to have pectinolytic properties include species of Pseudomonas (Sohail & Latif, 2016), -Tapias et al, 2015) Lactobacillus (Karam & Belarbi, 1995) etc.…”
Section: Bacterial Production Of Pectinasementioning
Pectinases consist of an exclusive group of enzymes which catalyze the degradation of pectic polymers present in the plant cell walls. Today, pectinases are the upcoming industrially important enzyme having major industrial importance and they hold a leading position among the commercially produced industrial enzymes. Microorganisms including yeast, bacteria, actinomycetes and a large number of fi lamentous fungi are commonly recognized as the best natural sources for the production of pectinase enzyme. The chief source of acidic pectinases is fungi but alkaline pectinases are produced from alkalophilic bacteria, primarily Bacillus spp. The alkaline pectinase has developed as important commercial enzymes with far-fl ung applications mainly in textile processing, bio-scouring of cotton fi bers, degumming and retting of fi ber crops, pretreatment of pectic wastewater etc. This review discusses the microbial production of pectinases with special emphasis on bacterial pectinase from Bacillus spp.
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