Alkali earth co-doping effects on luminescence and scintillation properties of Ce doped Gd3Al2Ga3O12 scintillator

Kamada, Kei; Nikl, M.; Kurosawa, Shunsuke; Beitlerová, A.; Nagura, Aya; Shoji, Yasuhiro; Pejchal, Jan; Ohashi, Yuji; Yokota, Yuui; Yoshikawa, Akira

doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2014.10.008

Cited by 118 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Initial studies show that the timing performance is poorer than for L(Y)SO [60,64,65]. However, a newer crystal in the family such as Ce:GFAG may be promising [66].…”

Section: Scintillators For Use In Tof-petmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instrumentation for Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography

Ullah

Pratiwi

Cheon

et al. 2016

Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging modality that provides information at the molecular level. This system is composed of radiation detectors to detect incoming coincident annihilation gamma photons emitted from the radiopharmaceutical injected into a patient's body and uses these data to reconstruct images. A major trend in PET instrumentation is the development of time-of-flight positron emission tomography (ToF-PET). In ToF-PET, the time information (the instant the radiation is detected) is incorporated for image reconstruction. Therefore, precise and accurate timing recording is crucial in ToF-PET. ToF-PET leads to better localization of the annihilation event and thus results in overall improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the reconstructed image. Several factors affect the timing performance of ToF-PET. In this article, the background, early research and recent advances in ToF-PET instrumentation are presented. Emphasis is placed on the various types of scintillators, photodetectors and electronic circuitry for use in ToF-PET, and their impact on timing resolution is discussed.

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“…Initial studies show that the timing performance is poorer than for L(Y)SO [60,64,65]. However, a newer crystal in the family such as Ce:GFAG may be promising [66].…”

Section: Scintillators For Use In Tof-petmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instrumentation for Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography

Ullah

Pratiwi

Cheon

et al. 2016

Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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“…[ 28,29 ] The presence of the Ce 4+ charge transfer (CT) absorption peaking at about 240 nm, which increases with increasing Mg concentration, also adds to the absorption band below 300 nm, similarly to what has been observed for LuAG:Ce,Mg and Gd 3 Al 2 Ga 3 O 12 :Ce,Mg (GGAG:Ce,Mg) single crystals. [ 30,31 ] Before annealing, this additional CT absorption band is only observable for the highest Mg concentration (0.6%). It becomes much stronger after the air-annealing process as it can be observed for all the LuAG:Ce,Mg ceramics in most of which absorption saturation occurs (Figure 1 b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Bright and Fast Lu₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce,Mg Optical Ceramics Scintillators

Liu

Mareš

Feng

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

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needed. Within the last two decades, a number of excellent scintillators based on Ce 3+ and Pr 3+ -doped materials, together with truly novel nanoscintillators, nanocomposites, and phase-separated material systems, have been discovered and studied in depth. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] This high R&D activity in the scintillator fi eld was triggered by the pressing needs of modern medical imaging and radiotherapy, of high-energy physics, homeland security, and environmental applications. Among them, Cedoped Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 (LuAG:Ce) aluminum garnets have attracted much attention because of their relatively high density of 6.73 g cm −3 , 5d -4f electric dipole allowed radiative transition of Ce 3+ with emission at around 500-550 nm, fast scintillation response of about 60 ns, and high theoretical light yield (LY) value of 60000 photons/MeV. [ 9,10 ] It was found that LuAG:Ce single crystal containing 0.55 at% Ce 3+ ions prepared by Bridgman technique is a highly competitive scintillator displaying a LY of about 26000 photons/MeV with a shaping time of 1.5 μs, close to that of Lu 2 SiO 5 :Ce (LSO:Ce). [ 11 ] Based on the understanding of defect chemistry, an effective bandgap engineering approach was successfully applied to the LuAG system. Multicomponent garnets, featuring a balanced admixture of Gd and Ga cations in the Lubased garnet structure, form a new family of materials with an amazingly high light yield up to 58000 photons/MeV, a value exceeding that of the best Lu 2-x Y x SiO 5 :Ce (LYSO:Ce) materials by about 40%. [12][13][14][15] Therefore, oxides based on garnet structure are presently considered as competitive candidates for advanced scintillation applications.However, the low segregation coeffi cient of Ce 3+ ions in the LuAG lattice is detrimental for the growth of homogeneously doped large LuAG:Ce single crystals, especially for high Ce 3+ concentrations (Ce 3+ > 0.2 at%). [ 16 ] It was also noticed that Lu Al antisite defects (AD) can severely deteriorate the scintillation characteristics of LuAG:Ce single crystals by acting as shallow traps, thus delaying the energy transport to the Ce 3+ emission centers. [ 17 ] Therefore, extensive research has recently been aimed at the preparation of ceramic analogues, which are characterized by lower preparation temperatures, more uniform doping, and lower cost. One point to consider is that during The choice of sintering agent appears critical to achieve both high optical transparency and scintillation performance. In this work, the optical investigations coupled with X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy evidence the benefi cial role of MgO sintering agent. Mg 2+ co-dopants in ceramics drive the partial conversion of Ce 3+ to Ce 4+ . The Ce 4+ center, however, does not impair the scintillation performance due to its capability to positively infl uence the scintillation process. The importance of simultaneous application of such co-doping and annealing treatment is also demonstrated. With 0.3 at% Mg, our ceramics display a light yield of ≈25000 photons/MeV wit...

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“…The scintillation response lacks any slower components well known from LuAG:Ce single crystals [18] due to the delayed radiative recombination process, radiation hardness increases, reabsorption losses decrease, and only a little decrease in light yield was observed. Finally, the Ca 2 þ [19,20] and Mg 2 þ [21] codoping has been applied in recently discovered ultraefficient Gd 3 Ga 3 Al 2 O 12 :Ce multicomponent garnet scintillator [22], in which mainly the acceleration of scintillation response was found while light yield was rather decreasing, especially in the former codopant case. In Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of cerium variable charge state in the luminescence and scintillation mechanism in complex oxide scintillators: The effect of air annealing

Nikl

Babin

Mareš

et al. 2016

Journal of Luminescence

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a b s t r a c tThe influence of annealing in air at elevated temperatures on the absorption, luminescence and scintillation characteristics was studied for a set of Ce-doped aluminum garnet and perovskite single crystals. Positive effects consisting mainly in increase of light yield and decrease of afterglow were found to varying extent in all the materials. It is explained by the positive role of created stable Ce 4 þ center in scintillation mechanism and by decrease of deep trap concentration based on oxygen vacancies.

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Alkali earth co-doping effects on luminescence and scintillation properties of Ce doped Gd3Al2Ga3O12 scintillator

Cited by 118 publications

References 23 publications

Instrumentation for Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography

Instrumentation for Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography

Towards Bright and Fast Lu₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce,Mg Optical Ceramics Scintillators

The role of cerium variable charge state in the luminescence and scintillation mechanism in complex oxide scintillators: The effect of air annealing

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Alkali earth co-doping effects on luminescence and scintillation properties of Ce doped Gd3Al2Ga3O12 scintillator

Cited by 118 publications

References 23 publications

Instrumentation for Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography

Instrumentation for Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography

Towards Bright and Fast Lu3Al5O12:Ce,Mg Optical Ceramics Scintillators

The role of cerium variable charge state in the luminescence and scintillation mechanism in complex oxide scintillators: The effect of air annealing

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Towards Bright and Fast Lu₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce,Mg Optical Ceramics Scintillators