Alkali-Activation of Metakaolin and Blast Furnace Portland Cement Blends / Alcali-Ativação De Blendas De Cimento Portland De Alto-Forno E Metacaulim

Abstract

The addition of certain pozzolanic materials to Portland cement significantly changes the properties of the hardened matrix. If it has too high content of blast furnace slag, as the case of blast furnace Portland cements (BFPC), the early and late compressive strengths can be severely delayed or reduced. The objective this work was to investigate the potential of alkali-activation of BFPC and metakaolin (MK) blends by different types and contents of alkali-activators. The results clearly showed the influence of the MK pozzolanic activity and the type and content of activator used, in the development of compressive strengths of BFPC-MK blends. Microstructural analysis by SEM/EDS, DSC and XRD shown that the consumption of portlandite and the extra formation of C-S-(A)-H phases are the main positive effects registered. However, MK also promotes the formation of ettringite and unstable hydrated calcium aluminate phases, which, with the course of hydration, undergo a change in structure and volume loss, contributing to the reduction of final strengths. Content of 25% MK and 7.5% Na2SiO3 provided the best mechanical strength. The microstructures formed showed greater formation of ettringite, however there was also a reduction in portlandite and massive formation of C-S-H and C-S-(A)-H products.

Unveiling the Carbon Footprint Reduction Potential of Cementitious Composites: CO2 Sequestration in a Lime-Clay Binder Incorporating Medium-Grade Clay

“…The sulfate-binding phase, ettringite, was observed in all of the clay mixes. The rich alumina content in calcined kaolin clay formed tetra calcium aluminate hydrates (C 4 AH 13 ) after reacting with portlandite, which reacted with sulfate ions in seawater, enhancing sulfate binding through the formation of ettringites. − As shown in Figure b, needlelike ettringites were found filling up the voids of the binder matrix even at an early age (28 days); at 90 days, the width of these needles increased in size. Similarly, chloride ions from seawater bound with calcium aluminate hydrates and formed hydrocalumite, , which is evident in Figure c; these mineral formations were also mostly observed in the pores.…”