Alienusolin, a New 4α-Deoxyphorbol Ester Derivative, and Crotonimide C, a New Glutarimide Alkaloid from the Kenyan Croton alienus

Abstract

Two novel compounds, alienusolin, a 4α-deoxyphorbol ester (1), crotonimide C, a glutarimide alkaloid derivative (2), and ten known compounds, julocrotine (3), crotepoxide (4), monodeacetyl crotepoxide (5), dideacetylcrotepoxide, (6), β-senepoxide (7), α-senepoxide (8), (+)-(2S,3R-diacetoxy-1-benzoyloxymethylenecyclohex-4,6-diene (9), benzyl benzoate (10), acetyl aleuritolic (11), and 24-ethylcholesta-4,22-dien-3-one (12) were isolated from the Kenyan Croton alienus. The structures of the compounds were determined using NMR, GCMS, and HRESIMS studies.

Bioactive Indole Alkaloids fromCroton echioides

“…In order to isolate bioactive compounds, this fraction was submitted to fractionation on a chromatographic column and the subfractions were also assayed in the DPPH. From that results, the most active subfractions were purified by chromatographic methods affording indolinone and N-substituted tryptamine alkaloid type compounds (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) which chemical structures are shown in Figure 1. In addition, were isolated flavonoids derived from kaempferol and quercetin (6-9), as well was benzoic acid derivatives (10)(11)(12).…”

Glutarimide Alkaloids Through Multicomponent Reaction Chemistry

“…Next, we were keen to apply the same synthetic approach to the structurally related natural products crotonimides A, B and C. [13,[22][23] For these three alkaloids the amino-component was the (S)-(-)-4-methoxy-α-methylbenzylamine auxiliary, whereas the carboxylic acids were propionic acid for crotonimide A, isobutyric acid for crotonimide B and benzoic acid for crotonimide C (Scheme 4).…”

Population Status, Distribution Patterns and Conservation Needs of Endangered <i>Croton alienus</i> Pax in Kenya

“…Only 6 publications with Croton alienus species were documented. The majority of these studies focused on plant diversity, where Croton alienus was recorded in the checklist of species [13], with only two studies that focused on analyses of phytochemicals compounds found in Croton alienus [9,14]. There were no studies that focused conservation status of a species, hence on ecological data was found.…”

“…The species was mainly found in areas such as natural forest remnants around private land (Bob Harries Estates) in Ruiru, Kamiti forest reserves, Ngong forest, Karura forest, Arboretum forest, Mt. Kenya forest and Aberdares forests (Table 2) [9,13,17,18,19,20,21]. The altitude range of this species in central highland was mainly 1500-2000 m above sea level ( Table 2).…”

“…Croton alienus Pax 1909, is among the endemic species in Kenya currently threatened with extinction [6,7,8]. Although other Croton species in Kenya (C. megalocarpus, C. macrostytus) have been receiving tremendous concern due to their role in provision of fuel wood, medicine and biofuel [9], Croton alienus still remains unknown despite it being classified as endangered according to IUCN conservation criteria [7,8]. To date the species is only known to occur in central highland of Kenya with few populations introduced in Kakamega forest in western Kenya [7].…”