Alien plants in Poland: research directions and putting the results into practice

Tokarska-Guzik, B.; Bzdęga, Katarzyna; Nowak, Teresa; Lewandowska, Agata; Gancarek, Małgorzata; Frelich, Małgorzata

doi:10.2478/biorc-2014-0021

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…It is now widespread also in Baltic countries and treated as invasive plant in Lithuania [22], as well as Romania [23], Serbia [24], Bulgaria [24], Hungary [25], and Czech Republic [26]. Disturbed habitats (such as roadsides, railway tracks, and embankments) with good possibilities for fruit dispersal and establishment of seed are readily invaded, but the species also invades seminatural vegetation (e.g., meadows and riparian-scrub) [20, 27, 28]. Rumex confertus spread in soils with potential large concentrations of heavy metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Environmental Factors on Germination and Emergence of InvasiveRumex confertusin Central Europe

Kołodziejek

Patykowski

2015

The Scientific World Journal

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Rumex confertus is a biennial species native to Eastern Europe and Asia, where it thrives on meadow-steppes and glades in forest-steppe. This species has increased its range rapidly within central Europe, yet its biology is not well understood, which has led to poorly timed management. Effects of temperature, light, sodium chloride (NaCl), hydrogen ion concentration (pH), potassium nitrate (KNO3), and polyethylene glycol 6000 on seed germination were examined. Seedling emergence was examined for seeds sown at different depths in sand-filled pots. Seeds of R. confertus were nondormant at maturity. The germination percentage and rate of germination were significantly higher in light than in darkness. Secondary dormancy was induced in these seeds by 12 weeks of dark incubation at 4°C. The seeds of R. confertus undergo a seasonal dormancy cycle with deep dormancy in winter and early spring and a low level of dormancy in early autumn. Germination decreased as soil salinity increased. NO3 − increased the percentage and rate of germination in the studied species. Decrease in seedling emergence from the seeds buried at >0.5 cm may be due to deficiency of light. From our experiments, we conclude that the weed R. confertus normally becomes established in vegetation gaps or due to disturbance of the uppermost soil layer during the growing season through the germination of seeds originating from a long-lived seed bank.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Environmental Factors on Germination and Emergence of InvasiveRumex confertusin Central Europe

Kołodziejek

Patykowski

2015

The Scientific World Journal

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“…We selected species which are quite common and are invasive in the study area. Majority of them are neophytes (=kenophytes) sensu Tokarska-Guzik ( 2005 ) i.e. alien species introduced after the year 1500.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a measure of species invasiveness the following data was included: range—expressed in 5 scale; population size (5° scale); the type of habitats colonized (3° scale) habitats invaded; dynamic tendency (5° scale) i.e. tendency in spread; and residence time (time since putative date of introduction till 2005 (Tokarska-Guzik 2005 , 2012 ; Zarzycki et al 2002 ). Since we did not have abundance data of species we used multidimensional functional diversity (FD), which does not require abundance and presence/absence data (Mouillot et al 2013 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

AM and DSE colonization of invasive plants in urban habitat: a study of Upper Silesia (southern Poland)

2016

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Interactions between invasive plants and root endophytes may contribute to the exploration of plant invasion causes. Twenty plant species of alien origin differing in invasiveness were studied in terms of status and typical structures of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes (DSE) in urban habitats in Silesia Upland (southern Poland). We observed that 75 % of investigated plant species were mycorrhizal. The arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) of most plant species was of the Arum morphology. The nearly 100 % mycorrhizal frequency, high intensity of AM colonization within root cortex and the presence of arbuscules in all mycorrhizal plant species indicate that the investigated species are able to establish AM associations in the secondary range and urban habitats. DSE were present in all mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal species. The frequency of DSE was significantly lower in non-mycorrhizal group of plants, however, sclerotia of DSE were found mainly in the roots of non-mycorrhizal plant species. The group of species native to North America including three Solidago congeners have the highest values of all AM mycorrhization and DSE indices. Moreover, we observed that most mycorrhizal invasive species belonged to the family Asteraceae. In turn, representatives of Poaceae had the lowest values of AM mycorrhization. Nevertheless, quite high values of DSE frequency were also encountered in roots of Poaceae species. The high invasiveness of the representatives of the Asteraceae family from North America support theory that both taxonomic pattern, and the fact of root endophytes colonization contribute to invasion success. While, the taxa of Reynoutria also represent successful invaders but they are of Asiatic origin, non-mycorrhizal and weakly colonized by DSE fungi.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10265-016-0802-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Since then, reports of the occurrence of other alien hydrophytes (i.e., Azolla filiculoides Lam., Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anderson, Lemna turionifera Landolt and Vallisneria spiralis L.) from Polish waters have also become available in the recent literature (Gąbka and Owsianny 2009;Szczęśniak et al 2009;Tokarska-Guzik et al 2014). Moreover, to our knowledge, in the lake monitoring database during the period of 2007-2013, at least one record of Elodea nuttallii St John (Lake Ryńskie, surveyed in 2010) and one record of Vallisneria spiralis (Lake Pątnowskie, surveyed in 2013) were noted (A. Kolada unpubl.…”

Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elodea canadensis (Michx.) in Polish lakes: a non-aggressive addition to native flora

Kolada

Kutyła

2016

Biol Invasions

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Non-indigenous invasive aquatic plants affect macrophyte community composition, structure and abundance, and are recognised as one of the major causes of biodiversity loss in aquatic ecosystem. Their mass development poses serious ecological, sociological and economical threats in many countries. We investigated biological, physicochemical, hydromorphological and geographical data from 447 Polish lowland lakes to recognise the phenomenon of invasive macrophyte species and to identify environmental factors that determine their occurrence and abundance. We focused on Elodea canadensis (EC) as the most common and widespread alien hydrophyte in Poland. Phytocoenoses of EC were present in 40 % of analysed lakes. The area occupied by EC ranged from 2.3 to 5.5 % of the total vegetated area per year, on average, with a maximum of 37.8 %. A comparison between two sub-periods (2005-2009 and 2010-2013) revealed a lack of increase in EC mean abundance within the analysed period. Likewise, no evidence of EC effects on the native flora, its richness and diversity and no effects on the ecological status of the lakes were found. In the analysed period, EC did not demonstrate invasive character in Polish lakes. The habitat preference of EC was biased towards larger and deeper lakes located at higher altitudes, with longer water retention times, better water quality and better ecological status based on macrophytes compared with non-invaded lakes. We found altitude and water quality as the main determinants of EC occurrence within the sampled area. We suggest that both climate warming and accelerated eutrophication may contribute to reducing EC spread in Europe observed during recent decades. Keywords Canadian waterweed Á Alien species Á Invasive plants Á Macrophytes Á Lakes Á Poland Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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Alien plants in Poland: research directions and putting the results into practice

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

Effect of Environmental Factors on Germination and Emergence of InvasiveRumex confertusin Central Europe

Effect of Environmental Factors on Germination and Emergence of InvasiveRumex confertusin Central Europe

AM and DSE colonization of invasive plants in urban habitat: a study of Upper Silesia (southern Poland)

Elodea canadensis (Michx.) in Polish lakes: a non-aggressive addition to native flora

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