Alginate/Polymer-Based Materials for Fire Retardancy: Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and Applications

Kabir, Imrana I.; Sorrell, Charles Christopher; Mofarah, Sajjad S.; Yang, Wei; Nazir, M. Tariq; Yeoh, Guan Heng

doi:10.1080/15583724.2020.1801726

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Moreover, the presence of a growing amount of SA within the aerogels generated a parallel increase in the residue. Decomposition of SA generated CO 2 and CO as well as porous char made of short-chain oligomers and monomers that could undergo crosslinking by oxidation, strengthening the char [ 10 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alginates are hydrophilic polysaccharides extracted from seaweed that can yield mechanically robust structures, as reported by Li et al [ 8 ]. Alginates also showed high resistance to flame and did not produce harmful gases during burning [ 9 , 10 ]. On the other hand, tannic acid is a natural polyphenolic compound that contains five digallic acid units connected through ester linkages to a central glucose core.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ice-Template Crosslinked PVA Aerogels Modified with Tannic Acid and Sodium Alginate

Cruz

Abt

León

et al. 2022

Gels

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With the commitment to reducing environmental impact, bio-based and biodegradable aerogels may be one approach when looking for greener solutions with similar attributes to current foam-like materials. This study aimed to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and flame-retardant behavior of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) aerogels by adding sodium alginate (SA) and tannic acid (TA). Aerogels were obtained by freeze-drying and post-ion crosslinking through calcium chloride (CaCl2) and boric acid (H3BO3) solutions. The incorporation of TA and SA enhanced the PVA aerogel’s mechanical properties, as shown by their high compressive specific moduli, reaching up to a six-fold increase after crosslinking and drying. The PVA/TA/SA aerogels presented a thermal conductivity of 0.043 to 0.046 W/m·K, while crosslinked ones showed higher values (0.049 to 0.060 W/m·K). Under TGA pyrolytic conditions, char layer formation reduced the thermal degradation rate of samples. After crosslinking, a seven-fold decrease in the thermal degradation rate was observed, confirming the high thermal stability of the formed foams. Regarding flammability, aerogels were tested through cone calorimetry. PVA/TA/SA aerogels showed a significant drop in the main parameters, such as the heat release rate (HRR) and the fire growth (FIGRA). The ion crosslinking resulted in a further reduction, confirming the improvement in the fire resistance of the modified compositions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice-Template Crosslinked PVA Aerogels Modified with Tannic Acid and Sodium Alginate

Cruz

Abt

León

et al. 2022

Gels

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“…As an abundant clean and renewable energy source, alginate was used to promote human biological cell behaviors through microscopic design into scaffolds due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and hydrophilicity in the initial phase of research. 75–78 In recent years, the global energy shortage due to the over-dependence on virgin petroleum-based materials has forced people to turn their attention to sustainable renewable resources, 79–81 wherein alginate, a typical marine polysaccharide-based material, has been widely investigated for the wastewater treatment, 82 flame retardant, 83 and selective adsorption of metal ions. 84 Due to alginate being soluble in water and having strong mechanical strength, it can be easily transformed into an emulsion at a relatively low content.…”

Section: Marine Polysaccharide-based Emw Absorbing Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine polysaccharide-based electromagnetic absorbing/shielding materials: design principles, structure, and properties

Wang

Xiao

et al. 2022

J. Mater. Chem. A

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“…During combustion, char-type flame retardants combine the fuel with non-pyrolytic carbon (char) to prevent fuel release and provide thermal insulation to the base polymer by forming a protective char layer [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. In other words, the flame retardant causes charring on the polymer surface through dehydration of the flame retardant to generate double bonds in the polymer [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. The carbon layer (charring) generated in this process contributes to the flame-retardant effect.…”

Section: Polymer Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire-Safe Polymer Composites: Flame-Retardant Effect of Nanofillers

Kim¹,

Lee

Yoon

2021

Polymers

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Currently, polymers are competing with metals and ceramics to realize various material characteristics, including mechanical and electrical properties. However, most polymers consist of organic matter, making them vulnerable to flames and high-temperature conditions. In addition, the combustion of polymers consisting of different types of organic matter results in various gaseous hazards. Therefore, to minimize the fire damage, there has been a significant demand for developing polymers that are fire resistant or flame retardant. From this viewpoint, it is crucial to design and synthesize thermally stable polymers that are less likely to decompose into combustible gaseous species under high-temperature conditions. Flame retardants can also be introduced to further reinforce the fire performance of polymers. In this review, the combustion process of organic matter, types of flame retardants, and common flammability testing methods are reviewed. Furthermore, the latest research trends in the use of versatile nanofillers to enhance the fire performance of polymeric materials are discussed with an emphasis on their underlying action, advantages, and disadvantages.

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Alginate/Polymer-Based Materials for Fire Retardancy: Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and Applications

Cited by 47 publications

References 149 publications

Ice-Template Crosslinked PVA Aerogels Modified with Tannic Acid and Sodium Alginate

Ice-Template Crosslinked PVA Aerogels Modified with Tannic Acid and Sodium Alginate

Marine polysaccharide-based electromagnetic absorbing/shielding materials: design principles, structure, and properties

Fire-Safe Polymer Composites: Flame-Retardant Effect of Nanofillers

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