Algal Metabolites Can Be an Immune Booster against COVID-19 Pandemic

Kumar, Ajay; Singh, Rahul; Kumar, Indrajeet; Yadav, Priya; Singh, Sandeep; Kaushalendra,; Singh, Prashant Kumar; Gupta, Rajan Kumar; Singh, Shiv Mohan; Kesawat, Mahipal Singh; Saratale, Ganesh Dattatraya; Chung, Sang-Min; Kumar, Manu

doi:10.3390/antiox11030452

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…Furthermore, fucoidan extracted from Adenocystis utricularis , Cystoseira indica , Fucus vesiculosus , and Undaria pinnatifida exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting adhesion and blocking reverse transcriptase enzyme (Kuznetsova et al 2020 ; Krylova et al 2020 ). Similarly, galactans are the main polysaccharide found in different marine seaweeds (Kumar et al 2022a , b ). Galactans extracted from Agardhiella tenera , Schizymenia binderi , and Callophyllis variegate exhibited antiviral activity by blocking the viral adhesion and replication into host cells (Ohta et al 2009 ).…”

Section: Marine-derived Bioactive Compounds For the Treatment Of Covi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilization of Marine Seaweeds as a Promising Defense Against COVID-19: a Mini-review

Gunathilaka¹

2023

Mar Biotechnol

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COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which mainly affects the respiratory system. It has been declared as a “pandemic” in March 2020 by the World Health Organization due to the high spreading rate. SARS-CoV-2 binds with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on the cell surface which leads to the downregulation of ACE2 and upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) receptors. The elevated level of cytokines and ACE receptors leads to the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Due to the limited availability of vaccines and recurrent attacks of COVID-19 mainly in low-income countries, it is important to search for natural remedies to prevent or treat COVID-19 infection. Marine seaweeds are a rich source of bioactive compounds such as phlorotannins; fucoidan; carotenoids; omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids; vitamins B 12 , D, and C; and minerals including zinc and selenium that exhibit antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. Furthermore, bioactive compounds present in marine seaweeds have the ability to inhibit ACEs by inducing ACE2 which exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in COVID-19. Correspondingly, soluble dietary fibers present in seaweeds are served as prebiotics by generating short-chain fatty acids through fermentation. Hence, seaweeds can be utilized to reduce the gastrointestinal infections associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Section: Marine-derived Bioactive Compounds For the Treatment Of Covi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, sulfolipids and glycolipids present in marine seaweeds are reported to exhibit antiviral activities against the SARS-CoV-2 infection (Kumar et al 2022a , b ).…”

Section: Marine-derived Bioactive Compounds For the Treatment Of Covi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Marine Seaweeds as a Promising Defense Against COVID-19: a Mini-review

Gunathilaka¹

2023

Mar Biotechnol

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“…The disease was first diagnosed at the end of 2019 in Wuhan and later on WHO proclaimed that the illness brought on by this virus was a global pandemic. Researchers incessantly tried to develop and implement rapid diagnoses, safe and effective vaccinations and other alternative therapeutic procedures to combat this deadly disease (Lai et al 2020 ; Kumar et al 2022 ). However, synthetic drug caused side effects and high costs to benefit ratio changed researcher’s interests in natural product-based medicines.…”

Section: Antiviral Applications Of Algae Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, antiviral substances derived from natural resources and some medicines have seen a boom in popularity recently. Algal-derived metabolites can be also used as antibodies and vaccine raw materials against COVID-19 (Kumar et al 2022 ). Recent studies have reported that these compounds demonstrate substantial activity against a wide array of DNA and RNA viruses, including the influenza virus known to be associated with respiratory illnesses (Ben Hlima et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Antiviral Applications Of Algae Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial therapeutics isolated from algal source: retrospect and prospect

et al. 2022

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In the last few decades, attention on new natural antimicrobial compounds has arisen due to a change in consumer preferences and the increase in the number of resistant microorganisms. Algae are defined as photosynthetic organisms that demonstrate a wide range of adaptability to adverse environmental conditions like temperature extremes, photo-oxidation, high or low salinity, and osmotic stress. Algae are primarily known to produce large amounts of secondary metabolite against various kinds of pathogenic microbes. Among these algae, micro and microalgae of river, lake, and algae of oceanic origin have been reported to have antimicrobial activity against the bacteria and fungi of pathogenic nature. Various polar and non- polar extracts of micro- and macro algae have been used for the suppression of these pathogenic fungi. Apart from these, certain algal derivatives have also been isolated from these having antibacterial and antifungal potential. Among the bioactive molecules of algae, polysaccharides, sulphated polysaccharides, phyco-cyanobilins polyphenols, lectins, proteins lutein, vitamin E, B 12 and K 1 , peptides, polyunsaturated fatty acids and pigments can be highlighted. In the present review, we will discuss the biological activity of these derived compounds as antifungal/ antibacterial agents and their most promising applications. A brief outline is also given for the prospects of these isolated phytochemicals and using algae as therapeutic in the dietary form. We have also tried to answer whether alga-derived metabolites can serve as potential therapeutics for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 like viral infections too.

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“…Microalgal extracts are ideal sources of biotechnological compounds with high levels of bioactivity, e.g., potent antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immune-enhancing properties; neuroprotective activity; and various therapeutic and restorative properties. Furthermore, compounds or metabolites derived from microalgae can be used as antibodies and raw materials for vaccine production against SARS-CoV-2 [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Optimization of Culture Conditions for Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145 Isolated from Sand Cay (Son Ca) Island, Vietnam, and Antioxidative and Neuroprotective Activities of Its Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Mixture

Hien

Thom

et al. 2022

Marine Drugs

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Aurantiochytrium is a heterotrophic marine microalga that has potential industrial applications. The main objectives of this study were to isolate an Aurantiochytrium strain from Sand Cay (Son Ca) Island, Vietnam, optimize its culture conditions, determine its nutritional composition, extract polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the free (FFA) and the alkyl ester (FAAE) forms, and evaluate the antioxidation and neuroprotection properties of the PUFAs. Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145 can be grown stably under laboratory conditions. Its culture conditions were optimized for a dry cell weight (DCW) of 31.18 g/L, with total lipids comprising 25.29%, proteins 7.93%, carbohydrates 15.21%, and carotenoid at 143.67 µg/L of DCW. The FAAEs and FFAs extracted from Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145 were rich in omega 3–6–9 fatty acids (40.73% and 44.00% of total fatty acids, respectively). No acute or subchronic oral toxicity was determined in mice fed with the PUFAs in FFA or FAAE forms at different doses over 90 days. Furthermore, the PUFAs in the FFA or FAAE forms and their main constituents of EPA, DHA, and ALA showed antioxidant and AChE inhibitory properties and neuroprotective activities against damage caused by H2O2- and amyloid-ß protein fragment 25–35 (Aβ25-35)-induced C6 cells. These data suggest that PUFAs extracted from Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.

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Algal Metabolites Can Be an Immune Booster against COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 10 publications

References 154 publications

Utilization of Marine Seaweeds as a Promising Defense Against COVID-19: a Mini-review

Utilization of Marine Seaweeds as a Promising Defense Against COVID-19: a Mini-review

Antimicrobial therapeutics isolated from algal source: retrospect and prospect

Characterization and Optimization of Culture Conditions for Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145 Isolated from Sand Cay (Son Ca) Island, Vietnam, and Antioxidative and Neuroprotective Activities of Its Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Mixture

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