Algal Magnetic Nickel Oxide Nanocatalyst in Accelerated Synthesis of Pyridopyrimidine Derivatives

Abstract

This research presents a novel biological route for the biosynthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) using marine macroalgae extract as a reducing and coating agent under optimized synthesis conditions. XRD and TEM analyses revealed that phytosynthesized NiO NPs are crystalline in nature with a spherical shape having a mean particle size of 11±1 nm. It is found that biogenic NiO NPs is a highly efficient catalyst for benign one-pot preparation of pyridopyrimidine derivatives using aqueous reaction conditions. This environmentally friendly procedure takes considerable advantages of shorter reaction times, excellent product yields (up to 96%), magnetically reusable nanocatalyst (7 runs), low catalyst loadings, and free toxic chemical reagents.

The inhibitory role of synthesized Nickel oxide nanoparticles against Hep-G2, MCF-7, and HT-29 cell lines: the inhibitory role of NiO NPs against Hep-G2, MCF-7, and HT-29 cell lines

“…The precise mechanism of nanoparticles on cancer cells has not been fully elucidated, but the most controversial procedure of nanoparticles toxicity regarding biological systems is their potential to arouse the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the destruction of the cell because of the oxidative strain. It is well established that superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide are extremely reactive oxygen types, which are able to form oxidative strain in the cell system (25)(26)(27). When nanomaterials are activated by cancer cells, the cellular defense mechanism is stimulated to minimize damages.…”

“…In order to solve the challenge of poisonous wastes, energy disparity, and for the sake of biocompatibility, an eco-friendly and greener procedure for the development of nanoparticles has been proposed (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42). Biodegradable materials such as microorganisms (MOs), fungi, and plants can be utilized to form NPs, among which the extracts of plants have more and more become prevalent nowadays (27,43). The sol-gel method is well known for obtaining highly pure and homogeneous products from simple and inexpensive methods (27).…”

“…Biodegradable materials such as microorganisms (MOs), fungi, and plants can be utilized to form NPs, among which the extracts of plants have more and more become prevalent nowadays (27,43). The sol-gel method is well known for obtaining highly pure and homogeneous products from simple and inexpensive methods (27). To confirm why the solgel method has earned such high enthusiasm and to calculate the opportunities for future uses, one should regard the merits and demerits of the process.…”