Algal addition in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae rearing: effect on digestive enzymes

Cahu, Chantal; Zambonino-Infante, José‐Luis; Peres, Alessandra; Quazuguel, Patrick; Gall, M. M. Le

doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(97)00295-0

Cited by 142 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…Since trypsin is retained in the gut and not reabsorbed for up to several hours after a meal (Pedersen and Andersen, 1992), this marked decrease in tryptic enzyme activity might be the consequence of immediate binding of trypsin to algal cells and rotifers acting as a substrate. There was no real starving group represented in the present study, and the increase in tryptic enzyme activity at 12:00 in the "control" group is most likely the consequence of ingested algae that trigger the digestion process, as proposed by other authors (Cahu et al, 1998;Reitan et al, 1997). An additional group without algae and rotifers could have shed light on the role of algae in triggering digestive processes and also on graded responses in the digestive system to the size and type of ingested particles/prey .…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 51%

Hormonal control of tryptic enzyme activity in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua): Involvement of cholecystokinin during ontogeny and diurnal rhythm

et al. 2013

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Please cite this article as: Tillner, Robert, Rønnestad, Ivar, Harboe, Torstein, Ueberschär, Bernd, Hormonal control of tryptic enzyme activity in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua): Involvement of cholecystokinin during ontogeny and diurnal rhythm, Aquaculture (2013Aquaculture ( ), doi: 10.1016Aquaculture ( /j.aquaculture.2013 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AbstractThe ontogenetic development of the gut hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) and the key proteolytic enzyme trypsin was described in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua) from first-feeding until 38 days post first-feeding (dpff). CCK is known to play a major role in the endocrine control of digestive processes in mammals and adult fish, but its regulatory role in the larval stages of marine fish is largely unknown. Only small amounts of CCK were found in the body (excluding head) in cod larvae at first-feeding, but CCK levels increased exponentially with development, suggesting a more pronounced role of CCK during ontogeny. Tryptic enzyme activity increased slightly until a standard length of ca. 8 mm (approx. 33 days dpff) with a significant increase in larvae larger than 8 mm standard length, indicating limited digestive capacity in the early stages. To entangle the short-term feedback mechanism between CCK and tryptic enzyme activity, we conducted a 12 hour feeding experiment at 21 dpff. Cod larvae receiving only algae revealed a noticeable response in tryptic enzyme activity within two hours in the morning, whereas larvae fed algae and rotifers at the same time showed a slightly delayed response up to four hours. Tryptic enzyme activity remained low in the group receiving only algae as well as the two fed groups in the afternoon. No reaction in tryptic enzyme activity was observed in larvae that received a second meal of rotifers in the afternoon, indicating limited regulatory and digestive capacity to handle several meals in a short period. CCK levels remained relatively constant throughout the day but increased in the afternoon in all three groups when tryptic enzyme activity was low, suggesting that a negative feedback mechanism between CCK and tryptic enzyme activity is present in larval cod at least from 21 dpff.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 51%

Hormonal control of tryptic enzyme activity in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua): Involvement of cholecystokinin during ontogeny and diurnal rhythm

et al. 2013

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“…Algae have been demonstrated to stimulate the production of digestive enzymes such as amylase and trypsin, characteristically the first enzymes to be recorded in early marine fish ontogeny (Cahu et al 1998). It was hypothesised by Cahu et al (1998) and other authors (Støttrup 1994) that the large amounts of free amino acids contained in algae could be responsible for the observed stimulation in the production of trypsin. In the wild, free amino acids are often at concentrations <10 -7 M (Braven et al 1984) but can occur at higher concentrations in areas of high phytoplankton production (Williams & Poulet 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…During early development, larval fish cannot synthesise phospholipids (Bell et al 2003) and must acquire these through their diet. Algae have been demonstrated to stimulate the production of digestive enzymes such as amylase and trypsin, characteristically the first enzymes to be recorded in early marine fish ontogeny (Cahu et al 1998). It was hypothesised by Cahu et al (1998) and other authors (Støttrup 1994) that the large amounts of free amino acids contained in algae could be responsible for the observed stimulation in the production of trypsin.…”

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confidence: 97%

Role of heterotrophic protists in first feeding by cod (Gadus morhua) larvae

Overton

Meyer

Støttrup

et al. 2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The present study evaluated whether the presence of autotrophic phytoplankton and/or heterotrophic dinoflagellates (Oxyrrhis marina) influenced first-feeding success and early larval growth and development of Baltic cod Gadus morhua L. Newly hatched cod larvae were maintained in salt water ('clear water', CW), greened water using Nannochloropsis sp. (NA) or a combination of Nannochloropsis sp. and O. marina (NO) from 2 to 11 d post-hatch. On each day, larvae from each group were placed into feeding tanks and provided potential prey (nauplii of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa). Feeding performance was measured both as the percentage incidence of feeding and gut fullness index. The onset of first feeding, point of no return and the magnitude of feeding were derived from the feeding incidence. The study clearly demonstrated precocious, exogenous feeding by cod larvae in the presence of Nannochloropsis sp. and O. marina by 1.2 and 2.2 d (10°C), respectively. Gut fullness was also significantly improved in the presence of both phytoplankton and protists over the entire window of opportunity (defined as the period between onset of first feeding and point of no return). However, the nutritional capacity of these unicellular organisms was not sufficient to alter the somatic growth characteristics in NA and NO groups relative to starving yolk-sac larvae maintained in only salt water (CW group). These findings expand the current understanding of the degree of interaction between fish larvae and unicellular plankton communities and indicate a lack of nutritional benefits from feeding on components of the pelagic microbial loop but a clear benefit in terms of 'priming' first-feeding capabilities.KEY WORDS: Protists · Marine fish · First feeding · Larvae · Cod · Oxyrrhis marina · Nannochloropsis sp. · Survival · Growth 410: 197-204, 2010 plankton is fed on by heterotrophic zooplankton that, in turn, is preyed upon by fish larvae. Analyses of larval fish gut contents and feeding behaviour has resulted in the claim that herbivorous, crustacean zooplankton (copepods) is the preferred prey of young marine fish larvae (Munk 1997, Pepin & Penney 2000. However, recently there has been some evidence to suggest a potential flexibility in the feeding behaviour of fish larvae (Pepin & Dower 2007). In particular, more focus has been given to representatives of the planktonic microbial loop. For example, marine fish larvae have been reported to directly feed on heterotrophic protists (Lasker 1975, Scura & Jerde 1977, Fukami et al. 1999, organisms that can be highly abundant in marine environments during specific time periods (Tamigneaux et al. 1997, Hansen & Jensen 2000, Sommer et al. 2002, Ptacnik 2003. However, it is still largely unknown if indirect (incidental) or direct ingestion of algae and heterotrophic protists provides any nutritional and/or energetic value for marine fish larvae. Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog SerEvidence exists from marine fish larvi...

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“…The specific growth rate was calculated from the slope of the linear regression of log-transformed dry weight against age (Albentosa et al, 1997). The final biomass was calculated with the dry weight and the larval density was obtained at the end as described by (Cahu et al, 1998). The dissolved oxygen level (mg/l) and pH were measured daily.…”

Section: Analysis Of Growth and Culture Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of L-carnitine enrichment on the rotifer and influences on clownfish larvae

Kumar

Sahu

2015

SL J Food & Agric

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Enrichment has shown considerable influence on the population growth, reproduction and individual growth of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis Müller, 1786) and its utility on the clownfish larvae (Amphiprion ocellaris Cuvier 1830). Using the culture medium of microalgae (Nannochloropsis salina D.J. Hibberd 1981) as the control, rotifers were enriched by dissolving in S-presso (for short term enrichment) or L-carnitine supplements. The study was conducted in three replicates for five and 10 days of batch culture. On day-4, the population density of rotifers exposed to 1, 10 and 100 mg l -1 L-carnitine was significantly increased (p<0.001) by 43, 39 and 54%, respectively, compared to the control. The population density in these three treatments also increased on day-2, day-3 and day-5 compared to the 1000 mg L -1 treatment (p<0.05) and control (p<0.05). The body length (p<0.001) and width (p<0.05) were significantly reduced in the 1000 mgL -1 treatment compared to the control. The mean values of total unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA's, HUFA's and n-3 fatty acids) and the ratio of n-3/n-6, DHA/EPA, EPA/AA were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the rotifers enriched with L-carnitine compared to S-presso and algae. Larvae fed using rotifer enriched with Lcarnitine gained the maximum growth (65.7±1 mg), followed by those enriched with S-presso (42.2±0 mg). In L-carnitine treatment, metamorphosis took only 9 days, followed by the control. In L-carnitine and S-presso units, the clownfish larvae took only three days for the first pigmentation compared to four days in N. salina (control) and 10 days with S-presso. Rotifers enriched with L-carnitine showed the highest survival rate (70 %) of the clownfish followed by the control (68%) and S-presso (52%). The results suggested that L-carnitine could be a positive factor to enhance the rotifer production and also its utilization in clownfish larval culture.

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Algal addition in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae rearing: effect on digestive enzymes

Cited by 142 publications

References 24 publications

Hormonal control of tryptic enzyme activity in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua): Involvement of cholecystokinin during ontogeny and diurnal rhythm

Hormonal control of tryptic enzyme activity in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua): Involvement of cholecystokinin during ontogeny and diurnal rhythm

Role of heterotrophic protists in first feeding by cod (Gadus morhua) larvae

Effect of L-carnitine enrichment on the rotifer and influences on clownfish larvae

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