Alfaxalone total intravenous anaesthesia in dogs: pharmacokinetics, cardiovascular data and recovery characteristics

Clinical review of the pharmacological and anaesthetic effects of alfaxalone in dogs

“…Volume of distribution was 935.74 ±170.25 mL/kg; elimination half-life was 12 ±2 minutes with an elimination constant of 0.06 ±0.008 minutes. These variables were not significantly affected by the duration of the infusion (Dehuisser et al 2019a). However, the concomitant administration of medetomidine reduced the steady-state clearance, possibly by reducing cardiac output (Qt) (Bennett et al 2017).…”

“…Even when used for TIVA, recovery from alfaxalone have been satisfactory in most of the cases (Ambros et al 2008, Suarez et al 2012, Herbert et al 2013, Quiros-Carmona et al 2014, Liao et al 2017, Quiros-Carmona et al 2017, Bennell et al 2019, Hunt et al 2019, Dehuisser et al 2019b), but myoclonus (Quiros-Carmona et al 2017, Bennett et al 2019, muscle twitching, (Quiros-Carmona et al 2014, Bennett et al 2019, Dehuisser et al 2019b, Bustamante et al 2020) paddling, vocalisations (Bennett et al 2019Dehuisser et al 2019b;Bustamante et al 2020), excitation and dysphoria were described (Dehuisser et al 2017, Quiros-Carmona et al 2017, Dehuisser et al 2019a). Nevertheless, no difference in recovery quality was found comparing propofol versus alfaxalone TIVA (Ambros et al 2008, Suarez et al 2012, Liao et al 2017.…”

“…These variables were not significantly affected by the duration of the infusion (Dehuisser et al . 2019a). However, the concomitant administration of medetomidine reduced the steady‐state clearance, possibly by reducing cardiac output (Qt) (Bennett et al .…”

“…2017, Dehuisser et al . 2019a). Nevertheless, no difference in recovery quality was found comparing propofol versus alfaxalone TIVA (Ambros et al .…”

Clinical effect of a constant rate infusion of alfaxalone in isoflurane-anesthetized goats undergoing an experimental procedure: a pilot study

“…Previous studies in dogs (Ferré et al, 2006) and cats have demonstrated a dose-dependent systemic exposure with a rapid clearance, short terminal elimination half-life and lack of accumulation after maintenance with repeated boluses (2 and 10 mg/kg for dogs; 5 mg/kg followed by four doses of 2 mg/kg in cats). In a recent study by Dehuisser et al (2019a and2019b), cardiovascular function and pharmacokinetic parameters were shown to be stable during continuous administration of alfaxalone in dogs (Dehuisser et al, 2019a(Dehuisser et al, , 2019b. Therefore, all the aforementioned properties favor the use of alfaxalone as a constant rate infusion (CRI).…”