“…Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is a widely cultivated, high‐yielding and high‐quality forage legume (Hawkins & Yu, 2018). It is also commonly used as a model plant in soil remediation (Tussipkan & Manabayeva, 2022), with characteristics such as drought resistance (Mouradi et al, 2016), high salinity resistance (Guiza et al, 2021), rapid growth, and a very effective root system (Clement et al, 2022). Numerous studies indicate that DSE can promote alfalfa growth (Gao et al, 2022), nutrient uptake (Hou et al, 2020) and root development (Deng et al, 2020; Newsham, 2011; Xie et al, 2021).…”