ALE3D Statistical Hot Spot Model Results for LX-17

Nichols, Albert L.; Tarver, Craig M.; McGuire, E M

doi:10.1063/1.1780262

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The growth rates of the hot spots can be either pressure dependent based on the strain burner and DAC measurements or temperature dependent driven by heat transfer, as are all chemical reactions in real explosive grains. The Statistical Hot Spot model successfully calculated the time dependent shock desensitization of HMX (23) and TATB (24). This model represents the next generation of reactive flow models and will be eventually be applied to all the violence scenarios discussed in this paper.…”

Section: Weak Shock Compressionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…TATB explosives never deflagrate more rapidly than 20 meters per second even at detonation-like pressures (22). These measured high-pressure deflagration rates are used directly in DYNABURN and more complex hot spot growth models (23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Violence Of Thermal Explosionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This assumption can not address the observed times required for detonation failure in shock desensitized explosives. (23,24) has been developed in the ALE3D computer code, which incorporates chemical-thermal-mechanical models within its hydrodynamic algorithms. This model treats distributions of hot spot sizes and temperatures that form upon shock compression.…”

Section: Weak Shock Compressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Violence of High Explosive Reactions

Tarver

Chidester

2005

Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology

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High explosive reactions can be caused by three general energy deposition processes: impact ignition by frictional and/or shear heating; bulk thermal heating; and shock compression. The violence of the subsequent reaction varies from benign slow combustion to catastrophic detonation of the entire charge. The degree of violence depends on many variables, including the rate of energy delivery, the physical and chemical properties of the explosive, and the strength of the confinement surrounding the explosive charge. The current state of experimental and computer-modeling research on the violence of impact, thermal, and shock-induced reactions is briefly reviewed in this paper.

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Section: Weak Shock Compressionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Violence Of Thermal Explosionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Weak Shock Compressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Violence of High Explosive Reactions

Tarver

Chidester

2005

Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology

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“…The hot spots then either react and grow into the surrounding explosive or fail to react and die out based on multi-step Arrhenius kinetics rates [21]. The Statistical Hot Spot reactive flow model has accurately simulated for the first time the experimentally well-known phenomenon of "shock desensitization," in which a detonation wave fails to propagate in a precompressed solid explosive [20,22]. The coalescence of growing hot spots at high pressures and temperatures, the creation of additional surface area available to the reacting sites as the pressure rises, and the rapid transition to detonation are three of the most challenging current problems under investigation in hydrodynamic reactive flow modeling of shock initiation and detonation in heterogeneous solid explosives.…”

Section: Ignition and Growth Reactive Flow Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock Initiation of Energetic Materials at Different Initial Temperatures (Review)

Urtiew

Tarver

2005

Combust Explos Shock Waves

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Shock initiation is one of the most important properties of energetic materials, which must transition to detonation exactly as intended when intentionally shocked and not detonate when accidentally shocked. The development of Manganin pressure gauges that are placed inside the explosive charge and record the buildup of pressure upon shock impact has greatly increased the knowledge of these reactive flows. This experimental data, together with similar data from electromagnetic particle velocity gauges, has allowed us to formulate the Ignition and Growth model of shock initiation and detonation in hydrodynamic computer codes for predictions of shock initiation scenarios that cannot be tested experimentally. An important problem in shock initiation of solid explosives is the change in sensitivity that occurs upon heating (or cooling). Experimental Manganin pressure gauge records and the corresponding Ignition and Growth model calculations are presented for two solid explosives, LX-17 [92.5% triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) with 7.5% Kel-F binder] and LX-04 [85% octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazine (HMX) with 15% Viton binder] at several initial temperatures.Key words: detonation, shock initiation at different initial temperatures, energetic materials, plastic-bonded explosives, modeling of initiation, LX-04, LX-17.Energetic materials (EMs) are widely used in both industrial applications and at defense oriented establishments. Initiation of such materials is of particular interest for reason of safety as well as for control of the desired effect during their application. Energetic materials exist in gaseous state as well as condensed phase in homogeneous form, such as liquids and pastes, and in heterogeneous form, such as solid compositions consisting of granular mixtures of energetic materials with either energetic or inert binders.There are various possible ways to initiate energetic materials. Gaseous mixtures, such as hydrogen and oxygen, can easily be initiated with a spark, a heating element or an open flame. Condensed EM can be initiated by either mechanical or thermal heating or by any other kind of dynamic loading such as shock loading. Of all the initiation mechanisms, shock loading lends itself to the best quantitative analysis of the phenomenon be-

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“…Among them, the Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler(ALE) method [15] is a typical one. Several researchers have used the ALE method to study the collapse of cavities in explosive materials [16]. The particle-in-cell (PIC) is a second typical mixed method [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized interpolation material point approach to high melting explosive with cavities under shock

Pan

Zhang

et al. 2007

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Abstract. Criterion for contacting is critically important for the Generalized Interpolation Material Point(GIMP) method. We present an improved criterion by adding a switching function. With the method dynamical response of high melting explosive(HMX) with cavities under shock is investigated. The physical model used in the present work is an elastic-to-plastic and thermal-dynamical model with Mie-Grüneissen equation of state. We mainly concern the influence of various parameters, including the impacting velocity v, cavity size R, etc, to the dynamical and thermodynamical behaviors of the material. For the colliding of two bodies with a cavity in each, a secondary impacting is observed. Correspondingly, the separation distance D of the two bodies has a maximum value D max in between the initial and second impacts. When the initial impacting velocity v is not large enough, the cavity collapses in a nearly symmetric fashion, the maximum separation distance D max increases with v. When the initial shock wave is strong enough to collapse the cavity asymmetrically along the shock direction, the variation of D max with v does not show monotonic behavior. Our numerical results show clear indication that the existence of cavities in explosive helps the creation of "hot spots".

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ALE3D Statistical Hot Spot Model Results for LX-17

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

On the Violence of High Explosive Reactions

On the Violence of High Explosive Reactions

Shock Initiation of Energetic Materials at Different Initial Temperatures (Review)

Generalized interpolation material point approach to high melting explosive with cavities under shock

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