Alcoholism as a Mental Health Problem of Native Americans

Brod, Thomas M.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1975.01760290053006

Cited by 52 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In general, the rate of alcoholism has always been found much lower among Japanese, Chinese and other ethnic groups related to the Mongoloid race. Individuals sensitive to alcohol by vir tue of their genetically controlled deficiency of a key enzyme of alcohol metabolism may be discouraged from abuse of alcohol due to initial aversive reactions [71], Alcohol abuse and alcoholism are major problems among American Indian tribes [72,73]. American and Mexican Indians have been found to metabolize alcohol faster than Caucasian groups [5][6][7][8]74].…”

Section: Mexican Indiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphism of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Alcohol Sensitivity

Goedde

Agarwal²

1987

Enzyme

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The metabolism of acetaldehyde has received considerable attention in the past years owing to its acute and chronic toxic effects in humans. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) catalyzes the oxidation of acetaldehyde in liver and other organs. Two major isozymes of hepatic ALDH (ALDH I or E(2) and ALDH II or E(1)), which differ in their structural and functional properties, have been characterized in humans. The ALDH I with a low K(m) for acetaldehyde is predominantly of mitochondrial origin and ALDH II which has a relatively higher K(m) is of cytosolic origin. An inherited deficiency of ALDH I isozyme has been found among Japanese and Chinese which is primarily responsible for producing acute alcohol sensitivity symptoms (flushing response) after drinking mild doses of alcohol. Biochemical, immunochemical and molecular genetics data indicate a structural mutation in the ALDH I isozyme gene responsible for the loss in catalytic activity. Population genetic studies indicate a wide prevalence of this ALDH polymorphism among individuals of Mongoloid race. Flushing response to alcohol shows familial resemblances and preliminary family data from Japan, China and Korea hint to an autosomal codominant inheritance for ALDH I isozyme deficiency. The ALDH polymorphism is apparently responsible for the low incidence of alcoholism in Japanese, Chinese and Koreans. Alcohol-induced sensitivity due to ALDH isozyme deficiency may act as an inhibitory factor against excessive alcohol drinking thereby imparting a protection against alcoholism.

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Section: Mexican Indiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphism of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Alcohol Sensitivity

Goedde

Agarwal²

1987

Enzyme

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“…Firewater Myths by Leland (1976) and Indian Drinking by Levy and Kunitz (1974) present evidence to support the same hypothesis. Reviewing the dynamics of Indian alcoholism, Brod (1975) concludes that in some situations a crucial motive for drinking may be that drunkenness provides short-cut gratification through fantasy solutions to culture-bound problems. Wilson and Shore (1975) and Shore and von Fummetti (1972) reported positive outcomes from alcohol treatment programmes operated under tribal and Indian Health Service sponsorship.…”

Section: Alcohol Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

American Indian Psychiatric and Social Problems

Shore¹,

Manson²

1983

Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review

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This paper is an overview of the past 15 years of research on American Indian psychiatric and social problems. Since the development of the first mental health program in the Indian Health Service (IHS) in 1967, there has been a significant increase in published articles on this topic. The number of relevant citations has doubled each decade, rising from 48 in the 1930s to 759 in the 1970s (Kelso and Attneave 1981). More important, in the past decade we have witnessed greater participation by American Indian scholars who have contributed significantly to the field with papers which put increased emphasis on indigenous syndromes, the relevance of service programmes, and the need for appropriate tribal sanction for research. The focus of recent investigations is shifting from anecdote and description to data-based studies covering many aspects of American Indian behaviour, including patterns of mental health and illness, socio-cultural determinants of behaviour, and developmental stages. In this paper we have included major contributions from all these areas.The paper is organized in ten sections. We first review the development of new Indian programmes and consider their impact on subsequent field studies and publications on Indian mental health.We then discuss emerging trends in mental health service utilization patterns, psychiatric epidemiology, and the renewed emphasis on understanding indigenous forms of illness and adjustment. Other sections consider depression and suicide, substance abuse and alcoholism, social pathologies, Indian children, prevention, and research approaches. Because of the importance of the subpopulation of Indian children, relevant studies concerning them are summarized separately. EMERGING NETWORKIn the mid 1960s, Bergman, Mindell, and Bloom were appointed as area mental health directors for the IHS on the Navajo and Oglala at University of Texas Libraries on June 6, 2015 tps.sagepub.com Downloaded from

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“…Brod (1975) for example feels that considerations of cultural stresses (deculturation and acculturation) and cultural intoxication-permitting factors are essential in any dynamic formulation of Native Americans' problem drinking. In this theory, stress induced drinking is related to acculturation and the demands of Indians to integrate into and identify with the dominant culture.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise a number of researchers have implicated the stress of passive-dependence as an important determinant of Indian drinking (Curley 1967;Ab10n 1971;Lechnyr 1970). Brod (1975) sums up this position when he states:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcoholism Treatment and the Relationship of Native American Cultural Values to Recovery

Flores¹

1985

International Journal of the Addictions

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Alcoholism as a Mental Health Problem of Native Americans

Cited by 52 publications

References 39 publications

Polymorphism of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Alcohol Sensitivity

Polymorphism of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Alcohol Sensitivity

American Indian Psychiatric and Social Problems

Alcoholism Treatment and the Relationship of Native American Cultural Values to Recovery

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