Alcoholism: An Introduction

“…For example, Solomon and Brown 7 noted that the nursing home patients in their sample who had a psychiatric disorder and received daily doses of a potentially addicting drug were more likely to have a family history of psychiatric disorder and a family history of a substance use disorder than nursing home patients with psychiatric disorders who did not receive these drugs. The evidence for a biologic vulnerability for the development of addictions has been reviewed by Goodwin and Warnock 27 and Schuckit, 28 although these data were from younger samples. Other biologic factors necessary for the development of the addiction are the addictive potential of the drug and a time of exposure to the drug that is long enough for tolerance and withdrawal to develop 26…”

Section: Clinical Aspects Of Diagnosis Of Addictions In the Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcoholism and Prescription Drug Abuse in the Elderly: St. Louis University Grand Rounds

Solomon¹,

Manepalli

Ireland

et al. 1993

J American Geriatrics Society

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This Grand Rounds will review the problem of alcoholism and prescription drug abuse in the elderly. Several case vignettes will be presented. The pharmacology of alcohol and potentially addictive prescription medications will be reviewed. The clinical presentation of and psychiatric symptoms associated with these disorders will be discussed. The process of addiction and issues regarding the clinical evaluation of the elderly addict will be discussed. The medical complications of these disorders will be reviewed, followed by a discussion of guidelines for the appropriate use of these drugs in the elderly. The grand rounds will conclude with a discussion of the treatment of patients with these disorders.

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“…16 Further, the AUDassociated imbalance of the GABA and Glu neurotransmitter systems has been linked to clinical symptoms of intoxication and withdrawal symptoms. 17 Prefrontal (e.g. ACC) Glu levels have been hypothesized to regulate mesolimbic dopaminergic neurotransmission via GABAergic interneurons, and negative correlations have been shown in healthy controls 18 as well as in schizophrenia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of striatal dopamine D2/3 receptor availability with GABA level in the anterior cingulate cortex in healthy controls but not in alcohol‐dependent subjects and individuals at high risk: A multimodal magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography study

Spitta,

Gleich,

Rosenthal

et al. 2024

Addiction Biology

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BackgroundThe association of impaired dopaminergic neurotransmission with the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder is well known. More specifically, reduced dopamine D2/3 receptors in the striatum of subjects with alcohol dependence (AD) compared to healthy controls have been found in previous studies. Furthermore, alterations of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of AD subjects have been documented in several studies. However, the interaction between cortical Glu levels and striatal dopamine D2/3 receptors has not been investigated in AD thus far.MethodsThis study investigated dopamine D2/3 receptor availability via 18F‐fallypride positron emission tomography (PET) and GABA as well as Glu levels via magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in 19 detoxified AD subjects, 18 healthy controls (low risk, LR) controls and 19 individuals at high risk (HR) for developing AD, carefully matched for sex, age and smoking status.ResultsWe found a significant negative correlation between GABA levels in the ACC and dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in the associative striatum of LR but not in AD or HR individuals. Contrary to our expectations, we did not observe a correlation between Glu concentrations in the ACC and striatal D2/3 receptor availability.ConclusionsThe results may reflect potential regulatory cortical mechanisms on mesolimbic dopamine receptors and their disruption in AD and individuals at high risk, mirroring complex neurotransmitter interactions associated with the pathogenesis of addiction. This is the first study combining 18F‐fallypride PET and MRS in AD subjects and individuals at high risk.

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Alcoholism: An Introduction

Cited by 8 publications

References 93 publications

Psychometric properties of the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument (WHOQoL-BREF) in alcoholic males: A pilot study

Psychometric properties of the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument (WHOQoL-BREF) in alcoholic males: A pilot study

Alcoholism and Prescription Drug Abuse in the Elderly: St. Louis University Grand Rounds

Correlation of striatal dopamine D2/3 receptor availability with GABA level in the anterior cingulate cortex in healthy controls but not in alcohol‐dependent subjects and individuals at high risk: A multimodal magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography study

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