Alcoholic intoxication and memory storage dynamics

Wickelgren, Wayne A.

doi:10.3758/bf03212929

Cited by 65 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…To the data, Wetzler and Sweeney fitted a power function that in many investigations (e.g., Crovitz & Schiffman, 1974;Rubin & Wenzel, 1996;Rubin, Wetzler, & Nebes, 1986) has been shown to capture the distribution of memories across the life span. As discussed by Rubin and Wenzel (1996), the power function (e.g., Wickelgren, 1974Wickelgren, , 1975 implies that equal ratios of time (t 1 /t 2 ϭ t 3 /t 4 ) will result in equal ratios of recall (recall 1 /recall 2 ϭ recall 3 /recall 4 ). Thus, for example, if Time 2 recall was 90% of Time 1 recall, then Time 4 recall would be 90% of Time 3 recall (i.e., assuming equal ratios of time).…”

Section: Characteristic Distribution Of Early Memoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The psychology of intelligence analysis: Drivers of prediction accuracy in world politics.

Mellers¹,

Stone²,

Atanasov³

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

134

130

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This article extends psychological methods and concepts into a domain that is as profoundly consequential as it is poorly understood: intelligence analysis. We report findings from a geopolitical forecasting tournament that assessed the accuracy of more than 150,000 forecasts of 743 participants on 199 events occurring over 2 years. Participants were above average in intelligence and political knowledge relative to the general population. Individual differences in performance emerged, and forecasting skills were surprisingly consistent over time. Key predictors were (a) dispositional variables of cognitive ability, political knowledge, and openmindedness; (b) situational variables of training in probabilistic reasoning and participation in collaborative teams that shared information and discussed rationales (Mellers, Ungar, et al., 2014); and (c) behavioral variables of deliberation time and frequency of belief updating. We developed a profile of the best forecasters; they were better at inductive reasoning, pattern detection, cognitive flexibility, and open-mindedness. They had greater understanding of geopolitics, training in probabilistic reasoning, and opportunities to succeed in cognitively enriched team environments. Last but not least, they viewed forecasting as a skill that required deliberate practice, sustained effort, and constant monitoring of current affairs. A t APA, we understand how challenging it can be for you to stay abreast of the latest and best academic research on psychology. Disciplines Finance and Financial Management | Social and Behavioral Sciences

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Section: Characteristic Distribution Of Early Memoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The psychology of intelligence analysis: Drivers of prediction accuracy in world politics.

Mellers¹,

Stone²,

Atanasov³

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

134

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Wickelgren (1975b) found that mildly intoxicated students had decrements in memory performance compared with those who were sober, but they showed no change in the retention function or the rateof-forgetting parameter. Wickelgren even noted that the amnesic, H.M., had retention functions and slopes that were in the normal range for times of up to 16s in one study (Wickelgren, 1968) and up to 12 min in another (Wickelgren, 1974a), although H.M.'s data are noisy enough to hide a fairly large difference.…”

Section: Is There One Retention Function For All Conditions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

One hundred years of forgetting: A quantitative description of retention.

Rubin¹,

Wenzel²

1996

Psychological Review

676

638

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A sample of 210 published data sets were assembled that (a) plotted amount remembered versus time, (b) had 5 or more points, and (cj were smooth enough to fit at least 1 of the functions tested with a correlation coefficient of .90 or greater. Each was fit to 105 different 2-parameter functions. The best fits were to the logarithmic function, the power function, the exponential in the square root of time, and the hyperbola in the square root of time. It is difficult to distinguish among these 4 functions with the available data, but the same set of 4 functions fit most data sets, with autobiographical memory being the exception. Theoretical motivations for the best fitting functions are offered. The methodological problems of evaluating functions and the advantages of searching existing data for regularities before formulating theories are considered.At the simplest level, this article is a search for regularities. We ask whether there is one retention function that can describe all of memory, or perhaps a different function for each of a small number of different kinds of memory. At a more abstract level, it is about the role of theory and data in psychological research. Can we most rapidly advance psychology as a science by developing theories at the level that commonly fills psychological journals such as this one, or should we first try to describe phenomena that could constrain theories by establishing robust, preferably quantitative, regularities (Rubin, 1985(Rubin, , 1989(Rubin, , 1995? A balance between these alternatives is needed, and here we argue that to obtain such a balance more description is needed.Retention offers the ideal topic to make this abstract, philoDavid C. Rubin, Department of Experimental Psychology, Duke University; Amy E. Wenzel, Department of Psychology, University of Iowa.We thank John Anderson, Alan Boneau, John Cerella, Herb Crovitz, Sean Hinton, Armando Machado, Bennet Murdock, Matt Serra, Harold Schiffman, John Staddon, Wayne Wickelgren, and John Wixted for their suggestions; Richard Palmer for information about the exponential-power function and its history and use in physics; Michael Reed for mathematical advice and help with derivations; Robert Terry for statistical advice; and Jenny Zervakis for help

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“…For example, in Wickelgren's (1975) study of word recognition by sober or inebriated humans, there was a rapid drop in d ¢ from about 2.8 to 1.2 over 2 through 50 sec in a continuous recognition memory task and a slower drop in d ¢ from about 0.5 to 0.2 over 1 through 14 days. The procedure for Days 1-14 differed, however, from the procedure used for the first 2 h of the experiment in which delays ranged up to 50 sec.…”

Section: Is There a Best-fitting Forgetting Function?mentioning

confidence: 99%