Alcohol, psychoactive drugs and fatal road traffic accidents in Norway: A case–control study

Gjerde, Hallvard; Normann, Per T.; Christophersen, AsbjÃ ̧rg S.; Samuelsen, Sven Ove; Mørland, Jörg

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2010.12.034

Cited by 132 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In Norway, clonazepam has frequently been found in blood samples from drivers killed in road traffic accidents the later years [13,14], while this was not the case in a Swedish study of killed drivers from 2008 to 2011 [15]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Has Previous Abuse of Flunitrazepam Been Replaced by Clonazepam?

et al. 2015

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Background and Aims: For many years, flunitrazepam was the benzodiazepine of choice among users of illegal drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate to which extent clonazepam use has increased in this population, and whether this was related to increased prescription or because of illegal availability. Methods: We used data from three sources to study the changes in the use of clonazepam: (1) Presence and concentrations of clonazepam and flunitrazepam in blood samples collected from Norwegian drugged drivers; (2) Sales numbers (legal market) for clonazepam, extracted from the Norwegian prescription database (NorPD), and (3) Specific seizures (illegal market) for clonazepam in Norway. Results: In 2004, 13.0% of the analysed blood samples from drugged drivers contained clonazepam, whereas this proportion had increased to 27.7% in 2013. In the same period, the frequency of flunitrazepam in drugged drivers decreased from 16.6% in 2004 to 3.2% in 2013. The number of clonazepam prescriptions decreased, while the number of seized tablets containing clonazepam increased considerably from 2004 to 2013. Conclusions: For the last 10 years, a significant increase in the illegal use of clonazepam has been seen, now replacing flunitrazepam as the most used illegal benzodiazepine in Norway.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Has Previous Abuse of Flunitrazepam Been Replaced by Clonazepam?

et al. 2015

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“…Epidemiologiske studier har vist at bruk av sentralstimulerende stoffer kan føre til økt ulykkesrisiko (116,117).…”

Section: Sentralstimulerende Stofferunclassified

Misvisende om cannabis og trafikkfare

Paust¹

2018

Tidsskriftet

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“…Surveys of the incidence of drugs and alcohol in MVCs have been carried out in numerous countries, including Australia [7], Brazil [8], Canada [1], England & Wales [9,10], France [11], Jordan [12], New Zealand [13], Norway [14,15], Spain [16], Sweden [17] and other Northern European Countries [18], and the USA [19]. However, little is known about how frequently drugs are involved in fatal MVCs in Scotland, with the last detailed study having been published in 1999, and then only for the Strathclyde region [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological findings in driver and motorcyclist fatalities in Scotland 2012–2015

Hamnett

Ilett

Izzati

et al. 2017

Forensic Science International

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Highlights  The toxicological findings in driver and motorcycle fatalities in Scotland have been examined. Fifty-seven percent of the cases examined were positive for drugs and/or alcohol. The most common findings were alcohol and cannabinoids. AbstractFatal motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) continue to be a common occurrence worldwide. This paper presents a retrospective analysis of the toxicological investigation of drivers and motorcyclists fatally injured in MVCs in Scotland from 2012 to 2015. One hundred and eighteen cases with full toxicological analysis, i.e., alcohol, drugs of abuse and prescription drugs, were examined. Of those 118 MVC cases, 74 (63%) were car drivers, 32 (27%) were motorcyclists and the remaining were drivers of other vehicles such as large goods vehicles. The majority of deceased drivers and motorcyclists were male (N = 104, 88%). For the toxicological findings, 51 (43%) were negative, and of the 67 (57%) positive cases, alcohol and cannabinoids were the most frequently detected substances, followed by opiates and benzodiazepines. Fifteen percent of all drivers and motorcyclists were over the prescribed blood alcohol limit at the time of analysis. In comparison to previous reports

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Alcohol, psychoactive drugs and fatal road traffic accidents in Norway: A case–control study

Cited by 132 publications

References 37 publications

Has Previous Abuse of Flunitrazepam Been Replaced by Clonazepam?

Has Previous Abuse of Flunitrazepam Been Replaced by Clonazepam?

Misvisende om cannabis og trafikkfare

Toxicological findings in driver and motorcyclist fatalities in Scotland 2012–2015

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