Alcohol Norms, Expectancies, and Reasons for Drinking and Alcohol Use in a U.S. Versus a Japanese College Sample

Nagoshi, Craig T.; Nakata, Takayuki; Sasano, Kanji; Wood, Mark D.

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00929.x

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For example, studies show that college students believe they are expected to celebrate intoxication and participate in binge-drinking rituals as a test of group loyalty (Baer 1994;Nagoshi et al 1994;Perkins and Wechsler 1996; for a review, see Borsari and Carey [2001]). Yet Prentice and Miller (1993) found that most students were privately less comfortable with excessive drinking than they believed others to be.…”

Section: Explaining Unpopular Normsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The False Enforcement of Unpopular Norms

Willer

Kuwabara

Macy

2009

American Journal of Sociology

184

147

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Prevailing theory assumes that people enforce norms in order to pressure others to act in ways that they approve. Yet there are numerous examples of "unpopular norms" in which people compel each other to do things that they privately disapprove. While peer sanctioning suggests a ready explanation for why people conform to unpopular norms, it is harder to understand why they would enforce a norm they privately oppose. The authors argue that people enforce unpopular norms to show that they have complied out of genuine conviction and not because of social pressure. They use laboratory experiments to demonstrate this "false enforcement" in the context of a wine tasting and an academic text evaluation. Both studies find that participants who conformed to a norm due to social pressure then falsely enforced the norm by publicly criticizing a lone deviant. A third study shows that enforcement of a norm effectively signals the enforcer's genuine support for the norm. These results demonstrate the potential for a vicious cycle in which perceived pressures to conform to and falsely enforce an unpopular norm reinforce one another.

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Section: Explaining Unpopular Normsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The False Enforcement of Unpopular Norms

Willer

Kuwabara

Macy

2009

American Journal of Sociology

184

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a result, it is more difficult for AA smokers to make a successful quit than CC smokers, although they were reported to make more quit attempts (Fiore et al, 1989). In addition, different cultures have caused various views on smoking (Finkenauer et al, 2009) or drinking (Caetano et al, 1998) and different motivation for smoking (Sánchez-Johnsen et al, 2006) or drinking (Nagoshi et al, 1994; Piko, 2007). …”

Section: Cultural Effect In Nicotine and Alcohol Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cue Reactivity in Nicotine and Alcohol Addiction: A Cross-Cultural View

Liu

et al. 2016

Front. Psychol.

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A wealth of research indicates that cue reactivity is critical to understanding the neurobiology of nicotine and alcohol addiction and developing treatments. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalograph (EEG) studies have shown abnormal cue reactivity in various conditions between nicotine or alcohol addicts and the healthy. Although the causes of these abnormalities are still unclear, cultural effect can not be ignored. We conduct an review of fMRI and EEG studies about the cue reactivity in nicotine and alcohol addiction and highlight the cultural perspective. We suggest that cultural cue reactivity is a field worth of exploring which may has an effect on addictive behavior through emotion and attention. The cultural role of nicotine and alcohol addiction would provide new insight into understanding the mechanisms of nicotine and alcohol addiction and developing culture-specific therapies. We consider that culture as a context may be a factor that causes confusing outcomes in exploring nicotine and alcohol addiction which makes it possible to control the cultural influences and further contribute to the more consistent results.

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“…In general, studies using measures comprising one or two RALD factors find negative associations with alcohol use (Barnes, 1981; Maggs & Schulenberg, 1998; Nagoshi, Nakata, Sasano, & Wood, 1994; Wood et al, 1992). In these studies, endorsement of more or stronger RALD was associated with less drinking (Chassin & Barrera, 1993; Maggs & Schulenberg, 1998; Nagoshi et al, 1994; Reeves & Draper, 1984; Stritzke & Butt, 2001). However, studies that differentiate individual RALD into three or more factors find both positive and negative relations with alcohol outcomes.…”

Section: The Reciprocal Influences Of Reasons For Abstaining or Limitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reasons for abstaining or limiting drinking: A developmental perspective.

Epler

Sher

Piasecki

2009

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

103

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The cross-sectional and longitudinal relations between reasons for abstaining or limiting drinking (RALD) and abstention and alcohol consumption were examined in a sixteen-year longitudinal study (N = 489) of college students with and without a family history of alcohol problems. Results indicated that RALD based upon upbringing or religiosity were associated with increased rates of abstention, whereas RALD based upon perceived or experienced negative consequences of drinking were associated with lower rates of abstention and increased alcohol consumption among drinkers. In addition, changes in RALD over time coincided with alcohol consumption transitions. For example, abstainers who began drinking after turning 21 reported a decrease in the importance of RALD associated with loss of control and upbringing or religiosity compared to abstainers who continued to abstain after turning 21. Conversely, drinkers who began abstaining after leaving college reported an increase in the importance of RALD associated with loss of control and upbringing or religiosity compared to drinkers who continued to drink after leaving college. Examining the reciprocal influences of RALD on drinking outcomes extends previous research and may inform prevention and intervention programs among college drinkers. Keywordsalcohol drinking attitudes; alcohol drinking patterns; cognitions; motivation; longitudinal studies The Reciprocal Influences of Reasons for Abstaining or Limiting Drinking and Abstention Status in AdultsAddictive behavior can be conceptualized in terms of the relative strength of both impelling and inhibiting forces (Goldman, Del Boca, & Darkes, 1999;Jones, Corbin, & Fromme, 2001;Orford, 2001), though the majority of research has focused on the former (Adams & McNeil, 1991;Jones et al., 2001). Within the literature on impelling forces, both drinking motives (i.e. reasons for drinking) and positive alcohol outcome expectancies (beliefs about the positive consequences of drinking) have been shown to predict alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems (see reviews by Baer, 2002;Goldman et al., 1999;Jones et al., 2001), with drinking motives being more proximal indicators of consumption (Baer, 2002;Cooper, 1994). Parallel lines of research on inhibiting forces have examined abstention motives Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Amee J. Epler, 200 South Seventh Street, Psychology Building, Room 146, Columbia, MO 65211. AmeeEpler@mizzou.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: The following manuscript is the final accepted manuscript. It has not been subjected to the final copyediting, fact-checking, and proofreading required for formal publication. It is not the definitive, publisher-authenticated version. The American Psychological Association and its Council of Editors disclaim any responsibility or liabilities for errors or omissions of this manuscript version, any version derived from this manuscript by NIH, or other third parties. The published version is available at www.apa.org/journals/adb NIH...

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Alcohol Norms, Expectancies, and Reasons for Drinking and Alcohol Use in a U.S. Versus a Japanese College Sample

Cited by 29 publications

References 35 publications

The False Enforcement of Unpopular Norms

The False Enforcement of Unpopular Norms

Cue Reactivity in Nicotine and Alcohol Addiction: A Cross-Cultural View

Reasons for abstaining or limiting drinking: A developmental perspective.

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